Composition and function of blood

Question 1

What is the normal pH range of blood?
A) 6.8 – 7.2
B) 7.35 – 7.45
C) 7.8 – 8.2
D) 6.5 – 7.0

Answer 1

B

Question 1

What percentage of an adult’s body weight is composed of blood?
A) 3%
B) 5%
C) 7%
D) 10%

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a formed element of blood?
A) Erythrocytes
B) Leukocytes
C) Platelets
D) Plasma

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following plasma proteins is responsible for maintaining oncotic pressure?
A) Fibrinogen
B) Albumin
C) Globulins
D) Hemoglobin

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What is the main function of erythrocytes?
A) Initiating immune responses
B) Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide
C) Blood clotting
D) Producing antibodies

Answer 4

B

Question 5

What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell?
A) 30 days
B) 60 days
C) 120 days
D) 200 days

Answer 5

C

Question 6

Which plasma protein is essential for blood clotting?
A) Albumin
B) Globulin
C) Fibrinogen
D) Hemoglobin

Answer 6

C

Question 7

Which organ is the primary site for the production of erythropoietin?
A) Liver
B) Kidney
C) Spleen
D) Bone marrow

Answer 7

B

Question 8

What stimulates the production of erythropoietin?
A) High blood glucose levels
B) Increased oxygen levels in blood
C) Low oxygen levels in blood
D) High blood pressure

Answer 8

C

Question 9

What is the primary function of leukocytes?
A) Oxygen transport
B) Immune defense
C) Blood clotting
D) Maintaining blood pressure

Answer 9

B

Question 10

Which type of leukocyte is primarily involved in producing antibodies?
A) Neutrophils
B) Basophils
C) Lymphocytes
D) Monocytes

Answer 10

C

Question 11

What is the primary site of haemopoiesis in adults?
A) Liver
B) Bone marrow
C) Spleen
D) Thymus

Answer 11

B

Question 11

Which of the following cells originate from the myeloid lineage?
A) Lymphocytes
B) Erythrocytes
C) Natural Killer cells
D) Plasma cells

Answer 11

B

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic of platelets?
A) They are nucleated cells
B) They are involved in haemostasis
C) They transport oxygen
D) They produce antibodies

Answer 11

B

Question 12

What is the primary site of red blood cell degradation?
A) Kidneys
B) Liver
C) Bone marrow
D) Spleen

Answer 12

D

Question 13

What is the function of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the blood?
A) Transport oxygen
B) Remove cholesterol from the bloodstream
C) Promote clotting
D) Bind to hemoglobin

Answer 13

B

Question 14

What is the role of globulin proteins in plasma?
A) Transport lipids and vitamins
B) Form the framework of blood clots
C) Regulate blood pH
D) Act as a buffer system

Answer 14

A

Question 15

What happens to heme after red blood cell degradation?
A) It is broken down into bilirubin
B) It is excreted unchanged in urine
C) It is stored as glycogen
D) It is directly reused in new red blood cells

Answer 15

A

Question 16

What is the primary function of eosinophils?
A) Phagocytosis of bacteria
B) Blood clotting
C) Defense against parasitic infections
D) Oxygen transport

Answer 16

C

Question 17

What mineral is essential for hemoglobin production?
A) Zinc
B) Magnesium
C) Iron
D) Calcium

Answer 17

C

Question 18

A patient presents with jaundice. Which component of blood metabolism is most likely involved?
A) Albumin
B) Globulins
C) Bilirubin
D) Erythropoietin

Answer 18

C

Question 19

A patient with chronic kidney disease is likely to develop which hematologic condition?
A) Polycythemia
B) Leukopenia
C) Anemia
D) Thrombocytosis

Answer 19

C

Question 20

A 5-year-old child with recurrent bacterial infections is likely to have a deficiency in which blood component?
A) Erythrocytes
B) Neutrophils
C) Platelets
D) Hemoglobin

Answer 20

B

Question 21

A patient with an inherited clotting disorder is likely deficient in which plasma protein?
A) Albumin
B) Globulins
C) Fibrinogen
D) HDL

Answer 21

C

Question 22

A burn patient is found to have severe fluid loss. Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining fluid balance? A) Fibrinogen B) Albumin C) LDL D) Globulins

Answer 22

B

Question 23

Which type of anemia is associated with vitamin B12 deficiency? A) Hemolytic anemia B) Pernicious anemia C) Sickle cell anemia D) Aplastic anemia

Answer 23

B

Question 24

A patient with an allergic reaction would show an increased count of which leukocyte type? A) Neutrophils B) Monocytes C) Eosinophils D) Basophils

Answer 24

D

Question 25

A patient with liver disease is at increased risk for which of the following? A) Anemia B) Clotting disorders C) Low blood pressure D) Hypoglycemia

Answer 25

B

Question 26

What would happen if there is a severe deficiency of megakaryocytes in bone marrow? A) Decreased oxygen transport B) Impaired immune response C) Increased bleeding tendency D) Increased blood viscosity

Answer 26

C

Question 27

A person at high altitude experiences increased erythropoiesis. What is the likely cause? A) Increased hemolysis B) Low oxygen levels C) Increased blood pressure D) High atmospheric pressure

Answer 27

B

Question 28

What percentage of an adult’s body weight is composed of blood? A) 3% B) 5% C) 7% D) 10%

Answer 28

C

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? A) Oxygen transport B) Regulation of body temperature C) Production of ATP D) Immune defense

Answer 29

C

Question 30

Which plasma protein is responsible for maintaining oncotic pressure? A) Fibrinogen B) Albumin C) Globulins D) Hemoglobin

Answer 30

B

Question 31

What is the primary function of erythropoietin? A) Stimulate leukocyte production B) Regulate blood clotting C) Stimulate red blood cell production D) Enhance plasma protein synthesis

Answer 31

C

Question 32

Which of the following plasma proteins is involved in immune function? A) Albumin B) Globulin C) Fibrinogen D) Hemoglobin

Answer 32

B

Question 33

What type of leukocytes are responsible for antibody production? A) Neutrophils B) Monocytes C) Basophils D) Lymphocytes

Answer 33

D

Question 34

Where does erythropoiesis primarily occur in adults? A) Liver B) Kidney C) Bone marrow D) Spleen

Answer 34

C

Question 35

What is the main site of red blood cell destruction? A) Liver B) Kidney C) Spleen D) Lymph nodes

Answer 35

C

Question 36

What element is required for hemoglobin synthesis? A) Zinc B) Magnesium C) Iron D) Calcium

Answer 36

C

Question 37

Which condition would result from a low platelet count? A) Increased clotting B) Increased bleeding C) Increased oxygen transport D) Increased immunity

Answer 37

B

Question 38

Which type of leukocyte increases in response to parasitic infections? A) Neutrophils B) Basophils C) Eosinophils D) Lymphocytes

Answer 38

C

Question 39

Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting? A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin B12 C) Vitamin C D) Vitamin K

Answer 39

D

Question 39

What happens to heme after red blood cell degradation? A) It is broken down into bilirubin B) It is excreted unchanged in urine C) It is stored as glycogen D) It is reused directly in new red blood cells

Answer 39

A