Composition Of Cells

Question 1

What is the nucleus?

Answer 1

The central core of an atom.

Question 2

What are protons?

Answer 2

Positively charged particles.

Question 3

What are neutrons?

Answer 3

No charge particles found in the nucleus.

Question 4

What are electrons?

Answer 4

Minuscule mass but negatively charged particles found outside the atom.

Question 5

What is a molecule?

Answer 5

2 or more atoms joined together.

Question 6

What is a compound?

Answer 6

Molecules consisting of 2 or more types of atom.

Question 7

What is an organic molecule?

Answer 7

Containing both carbon and hydrogen bonded together.

Question 8

What is an inorganic molecule?

Answer 8

No carbon and hydrogen bonded with each other. No C-H bonds.

Question 9

What are the states of matter?

Answer 9

Solid, Liquid and Gas.

Question 10

What happens in a solid?

Answer 10

Atoms/molecules are held tightly together but vibrate.

Question 11

What happens in a Liquid?

Answer 11

Molecules slide over each other randomly.

Question 12

What happens in gases?

Answer 12

Molecules aren’t in contact and move very fast.

Question 13

What is a solution?

Answer 13

A solution is when one substance dissolves in another.

Question 14

What is a solute?

Answer 14

The substance that dissolves.

Question 15

What is a solvent?

Answer 15

The substance that it dissolves in.

Question 16

What is a solution?

Answer 16

The mixture.

Question 17

What is the Law of Conservation of Matter?

Answer 17

In a chemical reaction, no matter is gained or lost.

Question 18

What is Air?

Answer 18

80% nitrogen gas and 20% oxygen gas.

Question 19

What is Aerobic Cellular Respiration? (Chemical formula)

Answer 19

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6H2O + 6CO2 + Energy

Question 20

Photosynthesis? (Chemical formula)

Answer 20

6CO2 + 6H2O -(light energy, chlorophyll)-> C6H12O6 +6O2

Question 21

What does a greenhouse gas do?

Answer 21

Traps heat energy and contributes to global warming.

Question 22

What are macromolecules?

Answer 22

Large (macro) molecules that are all organic and energy rich.

Question 23

What are the types of macromolecules?

Answer 23

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids.

Question 24

What is a polymer?

Answer 24

A long chain molecule made of smaller sub-unit molecules (monomers).

Question 25

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 25

Soluble short term energy stores which are the building blocks (monomers) of all carbohydrates.

Question 26

What is Glucose?

Answer 26

A simple energy rich organic molecule, soluble sugar.

Question 27

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 27

Soluble short term energy store, 2 monosaccharides joined together. E.g. sucrose

Question 28

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 28

An insoluble complex carbohydrate composed of long chains (polymers) of monosaccharide units joined together.

Question 29

What are glycolipids/proteins?

Answer 29

When polysaccharides bond to proteins or lipids.

Question 30

What is a triglyceride lipid?

Answer 30

Very high energy molecule, 1 glycerol molecule bonded to 3 fatty acid molecules.

Question 31

What are steroids?

Answer 31

Lipid based hormones, including oestrogen and testosterone.

Question 32

What is cholesterol?

Answer 32

A modified steroid which is an important component of cell membranes.

Question 33

What are phospholipids and what is the structure?

Answer 33

Structural components of cells = cholesterol. Missing one fatty acid chain but with a phosphate group attached, 2 hydrophilic head, 2 hydrophobic tails.

Question 34

What are amino acids?

Answer 34

The building blocks (monomers) of proteins, only vary in their R group.

Question 35

What are polypeptides?

Answer 35

Long chains (polymers) of amino acids.

Question 36

What are proteins?

Answer 36

Formed from polypeptides.

Question 37

What happens when something denatures?

Answer 37

Permanently no longer able to perform its intended function.

Question 38

What acts as a catalyst in cells?

Answer 38

Enzymes

Question 39

What are the messenger molecules?

Answer 39

Hormones

Question 40

What is the immune response?

Answer 40

Antibodies and antigens

Question 41

What are transport proteins?

Answer 41

Haemoglobin

Question 42

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 42

Basic building block of Nucleic acids; have a phosphate group, 5c sugar and nitrogenous base.

Question 43

What is a Nucleic acid?

Answer 43

Long chains (polymer) of nucleotides.

Question 44

What is DNA?

Answer 44

2 complimentary anti parallel chains joined by weak hydrogen bonds.

Question 45

What does DNA do?

Answer 45

Stores genetic info in the nucleus in the form of chromosomes; made of DNA nucleotides.

Question 46

What are RNA's?

Answer 46

Required for instructions coded in DNA, carried out in protein synthesis.

Question 47

What are the DNA nucleotides?

Answer 47

Adenine and thymine. | Guanine and Cytosine.

Question 48

What are the RNA nucleotides?

Answer 48

Adenine and Uracil. | Guanine and Cytosine.

Question 49

Types of RNA?

Answer 49

Ribosomal, messenger and transfer RNA.

Question 50

What are vitamins?

Answer 50

Organic molecules required but unable to be synthesised by itself.

Question 51

What are minerals? (Inorganic)

Answer 51

Chemical elements other than Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen present in molecules.

Question 52

What are ions?

Answer 52

Charged particles.

Question 53

What are ionic compounds?

Answer 53

Formed when positive ions combine with negative ions to form an uncharged molecule.

Question 54

What is rate?

Answer 54

A speed. Has a quantity and a time.

Question 55

What is pH?

Answer 55

The relative number of H+ ions compared with number of OH- ions.

Question 56

What is Neutralisation?

Answer 56

When acids are combined with bases.

Question 57

What is an atom?

Answer 57

The building blocks of matter, has no electrical charge.