Composition of the atmosphere

Question 1

what gases did volcanic activity release into the early atmosphere?

Answer 1

carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide.

Question 2

what gas was there little to none of in the early atmosphere?

Answer 2

oxygen

Question 3

what did water vapour condense into where first life was evolved?

Answer 3

oceans

Question 4

what did the creation of the ozone achieve?

Answer 4

it filtered out lethal UV radiation therefore allowing evolution of life on land

Question 5

what percentage of oxygen is there in todays atmosphere?

Answer 5

21%

Question 6

what percentage of carbon dioxide is there in todays atmosphere?

Answer 6

0.035%

Question 7

what percentage of nitrogen is there in todays atmosphere?

Answer 7

78%

Question 8

why has the amount of carbon dioxide drastically decreased since the early atmosphere? (74% to less than 1%)

Answer 8

it has dissolved in oceans to form carbonate rocks

Question 9

why has the amount of nitrogen drastically increased since the early atmosphere? (3% to 78%)

Answer 9

the activity of bacteria

Question 10

what food group is nitrogen found in?

Answer 10

proteins and amino acids

Question 11

what is the process called where activity in soil bacteria increases the atmospheric concentration of nitrogen?

Answer 11

denitrification

Question 12

what are the 5 factors life on earth is dependent on?

Answer 12

1. mass
2. axis
3. 24h rotation
4. magnetic field
5. distance from sun

Question 13

why is MASS dependent for life on earth?

Answer 13

it creates the perfect gravitational field to keep gases in the atmosphere

Question 14

why is AXIS dependent for life on earth?

Answer 14

it causes seasonal change and temperature regulation

Question 15

why is 24H ROTATION dependent for life on earth?

Answer 15

it creates temperature regulation through day and night which can change throughout the year

Question 16

why is the MAGNETIC FIELD dependent for life on earth?

Answer 16

it deflects solar winds around the earth to prevent radiation from penetrating and damaging earth (magnetic field formed by the rotation of the liquid core)

Question 17

why is the DISTANCE FROM THE SUN dependent for life on earth?

Answer 17

we are the perfect distance from the sun at 150 million kilometres

Question 18

how many years ago was earth created?

Answer 18

4.5 billion years ago

Question 19

how many years ago did animals start to appear on earth?

Answer 19

900 million years ago

Question 20

in what order did animals evolve?

Answer 20

1. fish
2. amphibians
3. reptiles
4. mammals
5. dinosaurs
6. humans

Question 21

what gases were present in the atmosphere when earth was created?

Answer 21

1. carbon dioxide
2. methane
3. nitrogen
4. hydrogen

Question 22

what inert or noble gas (not reactive) makes up most of our atmosphere?

Answer 22

nitrogen

Question 23

what gases make up less than 1% of our atmosphere?

Answer 23

helium, hydrogen, methane, argon, water vapour

Question 24

what are solar winds?

Answer 24

a constant stream of microwaves and radio waves from the sun that passes around the earth due to the magnetic field

Question 25

what is the importance of the ozone?

Answer 25

it is a gas layer that absorbs biologically harmful UV radiation

Question 26

what process increases atmospheric humidity through plants?

Answer 26

transpiration

Question 27

what are biomimetics?

Answer 27

the study of animals to improve technology

Question 28

give three examples of biomimetics

Answer 28

1. the lense of gecko eyes used to improve contact lenses and camera lenses 2. mosquitoes used to improve surgical needles through small vibrations and three- pronged ends to make it less painful 3. shark skin is used to develop bacteria- resistant bandages

Question 29

what are a lot of medicines created from?

Answer 29

tree bark

Question 30

willow tree bark is used to make...

Answer 30

Aspirin.

Question 31

what three factors in crops are commonly adapted to make them become more resistant?

Answer 31

1. frost resistant 2. disease resistant 3. pest resistant

Question 32

what country genetically modifies most of its crops?

Answer 32

USA

Question 33

what is direct explotation?

Answer 33

the population of a species declining due to being exploited for a wide range of goods or because they are considered harmful

Question 34

what are some of the main reasons animals are directly exploited?

Answer 34

for food (main reason), fashion for fur coats, leather bags, fur seals and feathers

Question 35

what are the other 5 things that can be directly exploited?

Answer 35

1. pets 2. houseplants 3. zoos 4. aquaria (fish) 4. marine life centers

Question 36

what other things are directly exploited for furniture and ornaments?

Answer 36

tropical rainforest trees -> wood ivory -> white piano keys turtle shell -> jewellery

Question 37

what were a variety of animals used for in the past to treat illnesses even with no evidence of it working?

Answer 37

traditional medicines

Question 38

what was a big problem in Victorian times?

Answer 38

Whaling - using whale blubber for oil lamps, fat and cosmetics