Compound Lipids( 1 Phospholipids) Flashcards
What are compound lipids
Compound lipids are lipids that have additional functional groups such as phosporic acid group, sulphur, carbohydrates, protein and amino group apart from fatty acids and alcohal
What are all the types of compound lipids
1) phospholipids
2) Sulpholipids
3) Glycolipids
4) Lipoproteins
5) amino lipids
What are phospho Lipids
Phospholipids are Lipids that have an additional phosporic acid group apart from fatty acids and alcohal
What are all the importance of phospholipids
1) They are found in brain, blood and liver. They are also found in all plant and animal cells
2) They are present in membrane bound cells and intra cellular orgenelles
3)They are important components of the lipoprotein coat essential for secretion and transport of plasma lipoprotein complexes
4) They are present in myelin sheat of nerves
5) They are Important in digestion and absorption of simple lipids and excretion of cholesterol in bile
6) They are important in blood coagulation and platelets aggregation
7) They provide the alveoli in lungs with surfactants
8) They have an important role in signal transduction across the cell membrane
9) phospholipase A2 in snake venom hydrolyses membrane phospholipids into hemolytic lysolecithin or lysocephalin
10) They are source of polyunsaturated fatty acids for synthesis of eicosanoids
Where are phospholipids found
They are found in plant and animal cells and as lecithin in milk and egg yolk
What are phospholipids composed of
Fatty acids ( saturated and unsaturated fatty acids)
Nitrogenous base ( Choline, serine, threonine or ethanolamine)
Phosporic acid
Fatty alcohols ( glycerol, inositol or sphingosine )
What are phospholipids classified into
A) Glycerophospholids : They are regarded as the various derivatives of phosphatidic acid and they are the simplest Phospholipids.
B) Sphingophospholipids : They contain sphingosine as an alcohal and are named sphingomycelins
What are all the types of Glycerophospholids
1) Phosphatidic acid
2) lecithin
3) cephalins
4) Plasmalogens
5) Inositides
6) cardiolipins
What is phosphotidic acid
Phosphotidic acids are metabolic intermediates in synthesis of triglycerides and Glycerophospholids and they also function as secondary messenger
They have two forms according to the position of the phophate
What are lecithins
Lecithins are Phospholipids which have choline apart from phosphatidic acid. They are Brain, egg yolk and liver (Bell) .
They are important in metabolism of fat by liver
What is the structure of lecithin like
Glycerol is connected at C2 or C3 with a polyunsaturated fatty acids
At C1 it is connected with a saturated fatty acid
And at C3 or C2 by phosphate to which the choline base connected
What are Cephalins
They are phosphatidyl -ethanolamine or Phosphatidyl serine.
Cephalins occur in tissues in association with lecithins and in isolated form in brain
What is the structure of Cephalin like
Cephalins resemble lecithin except that choline is replaced by ethanolamine or serine or threonine amino acids
What are Plasmalogens
Plasmalogens are found in cell membrane phospholipids, fraction of brain and muscles, liver semen and egg .
What is the structure of Plasmalogens like
They are similar to lecithins and cephalins but differ in the presence of unsaturated fatty alcohols instead of fatty acid at C1 of the glycerol connected by ether bond.
But in C2 there is an unsaturated long- chain fatty acid
