Compounding & Excipients

Question 1

Magnesium Oxide/Carbonate

Kaolin

Answer 1

Adsorbents, keep powders dry

Question 2

Simethicone

Dimethicone

Answer 2

Anti-foaming agent, Break up and inhibit formation of foam

Question 3

Ascorbic acid
Ascorbyl palmitate
Sodium ascorbate
Bisulfate
Sulfoxylate
Thiosulfate

Answer 3

Antioxidants

Prevents oxidation

Question 4

Acacia
starch paste
sucrose syrup

Answer 4

Binders, adhesive materials to hold powders together

Question 5

Potassium Phosphate
Metaphosphate
Sodium Acetate
Citrate

Answer 5

Buffers, maintain the formulation within the acceptable pH range

Question 6

Shellac
Gelatin
Gluten (food grade)

Answer 6

Coatings, prevent degradation due to oxygen, light, moisture, mask unpalatable taste

Question 7

FD&C Red No.3
Yellow No. 6
Caramel
Ferric Oxide

Answer 7

Coloring agents, provides color to the compounded product (should correlate w/ flavor)

Question 8

Lactose
Calcium Salt
Starch
Mannitol
Sorbitol
Cellulose

Answer 8

Diluent, adds size to very smal dosages, or help suspend the drug in liquids and aid in disintegration

Question 9

Alginic Acid
Polacrilin Potassium
Starches
Cellulose

Answer 9

Disintegrant, helps oral products dissolve to aid in absorption

Question 10

Aquaphor
Petrolatum
Vaseline
Eucerin
Cetaphil

Answer 10

Emollient, Softens and soothes the skin or mucous membranes, provides a barrier, acts as vehicle for drug delivery

Question 11

Cellulose Acetate Phthalate

Schellac

Answer 11

Enteric-Coating, prevent dissolution in the stomach and mast poor taste

Question 12

Syrups & oils
Sucrose
Glucose
Aspartame
Phenylalanine

Answer 12

Flavorings/Sweeteners, masks bad tastes

*do not use Phenylalanine in PKU

Question 13

Agar
Alginate
Gum (guar, Xantham, acacia)
Gelatin
tragacanth
Bentonite
Carbomer
Starch
PLO

Answer 13

Gelling Agent (thickener), increases viscosity of the liquid

Question 14

Colloidal Silica

Magnesium Stearate

Answer 14

Glidant, Improves flow of properties of the powder mixture in tablet and capsule formulations by reducing interparticle friction

Question 15

Glycerin
Sorbitol
Propylene Glycol

Answer 15

Humectant/plasticizer, prevents preparations from being dry and brittle

Question 16

Polyethylene Glycol
Alcohol
Caprylic or Lauric Acid
Lemoxene
Terpenes

Answer 16

Hydrophilic Solvent, liquid with high miscibility w/ water to dissolve solutes

Question 17

Borage, canola, coconut oil

Omega-3, Omega-6 fats

Answer 17

Hydrophobic solvent, liquid with low or no miscibility w/ water to dissolve solutes

Question 18

Mineral oil
glycerin
Glycol
PEG
Propylene glycol

Answer 18

Levigating agent, liquids used in the process of reducing particle size

Question 19

Magnesium Stearate
Calcium
PEG
glycerin, mineral oil

Answer 19

Lubricant, anti-adherent, helps ingredients from sticking to each other/equipment

Question 20

Parabens
Sodium Benzoate
Chlorhexidine
EDTA
Benzalkonium chloride
Thimerosal

Answer 20

Preservative, prevents growth of bacteria or other pathogens

Question 21

Cocoa Butter
Hydrogenated vegeteable oil
Glycerinated gelatin

Answer 21

Suppository base, stay intact for insertion and melt while there

Question 22

Water

Answer 22

water as an excipient for non-sterile compounding and cleaning, as well as reconstiution
potable water is fine for drinking unless higher purity is noted. (e.g. distilled/Purified)

Question 23

HLB number

Answer 23

<10 = fat soluble (w/o)
>10 = water soluble (o/w)

Question 24

Fat soluble Surfactants

HLB #

Answer 24

Span 65 - Sorbitan Tristearate
Glyceryl Monostearate
Tween 81 - Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (10 HLB)

Question 25

Water Soluble Surfactants | HLB #

Answer 25

PEG 400 Monooleate Tween 85 Tween 81 - (10 HLB)

Question 26

Continental Gum

Answer 26

Levigate gum w/ oil then add water all at once until cracking is heard

Question 27

English Gum

Answer 27

Triturate water and gum, then add oil slowly

Question 28

What order of ointments/creams/lotions etc has most water?

Answer 28

Lotions (most) Creams (>20% water) Ointments (<20% water) Pastes (lowest water content)

Question 29

Solution | E.g.

Answer 29

``` Homogenous solute dissolved in solvent Syrups Elixirs Tinctures Spirits ```

Question 30

Suspension | E.g.

Answer 30

Solid dispersed in liquid (two phase heterogenous mix, uses levigating agent) Ora-plus Ora-sweet VersaFree

Question 31

Emulsion | E.g.

Answer 31

Liquid dispersed in a liquid (oil in water, or water in oil) Uses an emulsifer surfactant)

Question 32

``` Acacia Agar Carbomers Glyceryl Monostearate Pectin PEG Sodium Lauryl Sulfate ```

Answer 32

Emulsifiers, reduces surface tension between oil and water (surfactant)