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Science 10 AP: Chemistry > Compounds/Acids > Flashcards

Compounds/Acids Flashcards

1
Q

What are ionic compounds?

A
  • They are made up of metallic and non-metal ions
  • Electrostatic charges hold them together as they exchange electrons
  • Ionic bonds = exchange of electrons
  • A ratio
  • Form crystal lattice, regular crystal shapes with flat sides
  • Solids at Standard Atmospheric Temperature and Pressure
  • Electrolytes when dissolved in water and soluble; not conductive when solid
  • High melting points due to strong bonds
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2
Q

What are molecular compounds?

A
  • Made up of non-metal atoms that share valence electrons
  • Covalent bonds, and they share electrons
  • Attraction of electrons to neighbouring nuclei; holds atoms together
  • Neutral overall. The chemical formula tells us how many of each atom is involved.
  • No ions since no election transfer
  • Strong intermolecular bonds
  • Non-electrolytes
  • Low melting points due to intermolecular bonds
  • Some are soluble and exist in all states
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3
Q

What are acids?

A

Hydrogen (H+) contains ionic compounds with unique chemical properties when dissolved in water.
There is a special way to name acids = aqueous (aq)

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4
Q

What is the chemical formula for water?

A

H2O (l)

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5
Q

What is the chemical formula for ammonia?

A

NH3 (g)

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6
Q

What is the chemical formula for methane?

A

CH4 (g)

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7
Q

What is the chemical formula for ethane?

A

C2H6 (g)

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8
Q

What is the chemical formula for sucrose?

A

C12H22O11 (s)

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9
Q

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

A

C6H12O6 (s)

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10
Q

What is the chemical formula for methanol?

A

CH3OH (l)

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11
Q

What is the chemical formula for ethanol?

A

C2H5OH (l)

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12
Q

What is the chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide?

A

H2O2 (l)

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13
Q

What is the chemical formula for ozone?

A

O3 (g)

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14
Q

Which elements are diatomic?

A

(how they are found in nature) Br2 (l), I2 (s), N2 (g), Cl2 (g), H2 (g), O2 (g), F2 (g), At2 (s)

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15
Q

Which elements are polyatomic?

A

P4 (s), S8 (s)

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16
Q

Name the type of ionic compounds.

A

Simple Binary, Multivalent, Polyatomic

17
Q

For multivalent ionic compounds, compare and contrast IUPAC and the Classical System.

A

IUPAC uses roman numerals.

The classical system uses -ic suffix for the higher charge and -ous for the lower charge. If something doesn’t tell you which one, use the first one listed.

18
Q

Name all molecular compound prefixes.

A

From 1-10:
mono
di
tri
tetra
penta
hexa
hepta
octa
nona
deca

No reducing!

19
Q

What are acids and bases?

A

Chemical compounds with special qualities.

pH systems was developed in 1090 to express the negative logarithm to the base of 10 of the hydrogen ion concentration.

20
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

<7 acidic
>7 basic
=7 neutral

21
Q

What are acids? Arrhenius definition? Indicators?

A

Acids have special chemical properties, resembling both ionic (in water) and (itself is a ) molecular compounds. pH < 7

Arrhenius definitions: Contains Hydrogen ion H+ (in water dissolved)

Indicators:
- Turns blue litmus paper red
- Forms electrolytes
- Neutralized by an equal amount of base
- Tastes sour, corrodes metals, (strong enough) burns skin

22
Q

What is an indicator?

A

A chemical that changes colour based on the pH of a solution. There are many types of indicators.

23
Q

What are bases? Arrhenius definition? Indicators?

A

Bases are ionic compounds that form conducting aqueous solutions that also have special properties. pH > 7

Arrhenius definitions: Contains a hydroxide ion (OH-)

Indicators:
- Turns red litmus paper blue
- Forms electrolytes
- Neutralized by an equal amount of acid
- Tastes bitter, feels slippery, (strong enough) burns skin

24
Q

What is the basic neutralizing reaction?

A

Acid + Base -> Water + Salt
H+ + OH- -> H20 (+ NaCl)

25
Q

Give the rule for naming acids.

A
  • They look like an ionic compound, but with hydrogen instead of a metal
  • In pure forms, they can be any state. When dissolved in water, they are called aqueous (aq)

To name an acid, first name it as an ionic compound (with hydrogen) (on the formula sheet). Then change it to the acid form.

Science 10 AP: Chemistry (6 decks)

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