Compounds and Stoichiometry

Question 1

compounds

Answer 1

pure substance composed of two or more elements in a fixed proportion

Question 2

molecule

Answer 2

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 3

molecular weight

Answer 3

sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule

Question 4

formula weight

Answer 4

adding up the atomic weights of the constituent ions according to its empirical formula

Question 5

mole

Answer 5

quantity of any substance equal to the number of particles that are found in 12 grams of carbon 12

Question 6

Avogrado’s number

Answer 6

6.022E23 mol^-1

Question 7

molar mass

Answer 7

g/mol; the mass of one mole of a compound

Question 8

formula to determine number of moles in a sample

Answer 8

moles=mass of sample (g)/molar mass (g/mol)

Question 9

equivalent weight

Answer 9

how many moles of the thing we are interested in will one mole of a given compound produce

Question 10

gram equivalent weight

Answer 10

amount of a compound that produces one equivalent of the particle of interest

molar mass/n
n=number of particles of interest produced

Question 11

determine how many equivalents are present

Answer 11

equivalents=mass of compound(g)/gram equivalent weight(g)

Question 12

normality (N)

Answer 12

measure of concentration given in equivalents/L

Question 13

convert normality to molarity

Answer 13

molarity=normality/n

n=number of particles of interest

Question 14

law of constant composition

Answer 14

any pure sample of a given compound will contain the same elements in an identical mass ratio

Question 15

percent composition

Answer 15

percent of a specific composition that is made up of a given element

percent composition=mass of element in formula/molar mass X 100%

Question 16

combination reaction

Answer 16

two or more reactants forming one product

Question 17

decomposition reaction

Answer 17

single reactant breaks down into two or more products

Question 18

combustion reaction

Answer 18

special type of reaction that involves a fuel and an oxidant

Question 19

single-displacement reaction

Answer 19

occurs when an atom or ion in a compound is replaced by an atom or ion of another element

Question 20

double-displacement (metathesis) reaction

Answer 20

elements from two different compounds swaddles places to form two new compounds

Question 21

neutralization reaction

Answer 21

specific type of double displacement reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to produce a salt

Question 22

law of conservation of mass and charge

Answer 22

mass of he reactants consumed must equal the mass of the products generated; same with charge

Question 23

limiting reagent

Answer 23

limits the amount of product that can be formed in the reaction

Question 24

excess reagents

Answer 24

reactants that reign after all the limiting reagent is used up

Question 25

theoretical yield

Answer 25

maximum amount of product that can be generated as predicted from the balanced equation

Question 26

actual yield

Answer 26

amount of product one actually obtains during reaction

Question 27

percent yield

Answer 27

=actual yield/theoretical yield X 100%

Question 28

electrolytes

Answer 28

solutes that enable solutions to carry current