Comprehensive Clinical Knowledge Flashcards
what is anisocoria and which cranial nerves is it associated with?
unequal pupil sizes, tests CN III, IV, VI
disease associated with click-murmur
mitral valve prolapse
criteria for pregnancy testing
females of child bearing age (~15-50)
calculation: pulse pressure
PP = systolic - diastolic blood pressure
Which condition is known to increase the risk for corneal abrasions?
exophthalmos
Heart sounds-location of the aortic area
right, 2nd interspace to the sternum
define hematocrit
percentage of whole blood that is made up by red blood cells
What effect does atrial fibrillation have on the CVP waveform?
-absence of CVP waveform
In atrial fibrillation, the a wave disappears and the c wave becomes more prominent, because atrial volume is greater at end-diastole and onset of systole, owing to the absence of effective atrial contraction
conditions producing false low readings with pulse oximetry
In a patient with excess carboxyhemoglobin, their actual O2 sat will decrease, but the pulse ox falsely asymptotes to 90%, much higher than their actual saturation; A high level of methemoglobin will cause the pulse ox to read 85% regardless of the true level of oxygen saturation
calculation of fractional oxygen, air-oxygen mixtures
FiO2 = (L/min O2 + L/min. Air x .21) / Total L/min.
during a cardiac physical exam, where is the PMI detected
point of maximal impulse, 5th intercostal space midclavicular line
fibrinogin, normal value
200-400 mg/dl
physical signs associated with hypocalcemia
Chvostek’s Sign, Trousseau’s Sign (carpopedal syndrome), hypotension, mental status changes, tetany, laryngospasm, dysrhythmias, long QT interval, heart block
normal base excess
-2 to +2 mEq/L
on the cardiac physical exam, what is the S1 sound?
S1 = closure of mitral & tricuspid valves at beginning of systole
