Comprehensive Exam Flashcards
(209 cards)
1
Q
According to psychoanalytic theory, the critical aspect of psychopathology is
a. an excessive amount of drive or libido.
b. conflict between wish and anxiety.
c. an inadequate amount of guilt.
d. conflict between competing sources of external stimuli.
A
b. conflict between wish and anxiety.
2
Q
Universal images or symbols are known as
a. archetypes.
b. instincts.
c. neurotic trends.
d. basic drives.
A
a. archetypes.
3
Q
Rogers’ theory of personality emphasized
a. attitudes.
b. beliefs.
c. change.
d. stability.
A
c. change.
4
Q
According to the existential view, certain problems
a. are inherent in the nature of existence.
b. are existential in being derived from neurotic conflict.
c. are due to the nature of the instinct.
d. are due to unconscious forces.
A
a. are inherent in the nature of existence.
5
Q
Overall, cross-cultural research on the Big Five suggests that
a. none of the traits are universal
b. all of the Big Five are pretty universal.
c. at least three of the Big Five are universal.
d. only one of the Big Five is universal.
A
d. only one of the Big Five is universal.
6
Q
Critics of trait theory mostly focus on the problem of
a. cross-situational consistency.
b. longitudinal consistency.
c. multivariate research.
d. hierarchical organization.
A
a. cross-situational consistency.
7
Q
According to learning theory, whatever consistency is found in behavior is most likely the result of
a. similarity of neural pathways handling the different impulses.
b. a limited or constricted response repertoire.
c. similarity of environmental conditions evoking the behavior.
d. the various behaviors being under the control of the same or similar ergs.
A
c. similarity of environmental conditions evoking the behavior.
8
Q
The major difference between social cognitive theory and other learning approaches (e.g., Skinner) is that social learning theory
a. emphasizes developmental principles.
b. emphasizes learning in the absence of reinforcement.
c. emphasizes imitative behavior.
d. minimizes the role of reinforcement in performance.
A
b. emphasizes learning in the absence of reinforcement.
9
Q
Mental structures that allow us quickly to interpret complex stimuli are called
a. standards.
b. goals.
c. schemas.
d. expectancies.
A
c. schemas.
10
Q
Having feelings towards someone that are based on experiences from someone else in your past is called
a. transference
b. rejection sensitivity
c. self-verification
d. self-enhancement
A
a. transference
11
Q
According to Descartes,
a. mind and body interact at a place in the body that is not duplicated anywhere else, namely, in the area of the heart
b. animals are pure machines; humans have bodies that are machines, but they also have rational minds
c. the sensory and motor components of the reflex occur in two different sets of nerves
d. the ideas of self and God are learned through the experiences of early childhood
A
b. animals are pure machines; humans have bodies that are machines, but they also have rational minds
12
Q
What is ecological memory?
a. it’s a term that sums up what Ebbinghaus did
b. it’s a term that sums up what G. E. Müller did
c. it refers to any laboratory memory research using good experimental control
d. it’s the study of memory for everyday events
A
d. it’s the study of memory for everyday events
13
Q
With which of the following statements would William James be most likely to agree?
a. when we see a bear, we experience the emotion of fear, and as a result we run away
b. the proper way to study consciousness is to analyze it into its fundamental units
c. the function of habit is to allow consciousness to focus on more important matters having to do with adapting to the environment
d. as a young science, psychology must gain respectability and cannot afford to be associated with the ridiculous claims made by believers in spiritualism
A
c. the function of habit is to allow consciousness to focus on more important matters having to do with adapting to the environment
14
Q
In America in the early 1920s, most applied psychologists who did mental testing would agree with all of the following except
a. immigration, especially from Southern Europe, should be restricted
b. scores on IQ tests reflect inherent biological ability
c. it might be necessary to sterilize those who are mentally unfit to bear children
d. so-called IQ measures academic success, not innate intelligence
A
d. so-called IQ measures academic success, not innate intelligence
15
Q
In order for insight to occur, according to Köhler, the individual
a. must be able to see all the elements of the problem situation
b. must have a large enough brain—at least at the level of a primate brain
c. must systematically try out all possible solutions
d. must see the solution being achieved by some other individual
A
a. must be able to see all the elements of the problem situation
16
Q
Which of the following best characterizes the reaction to Watsonian behaviorism?
a. he motivated lots of research psychologists to change their approach, but Watson had
little impact on public opinion
b. the behaviorist manifesto was truly revolutionary and within just a few years introspection and the psychology of consciousness disappeared from the scene
c. Watson was popular with the public, but had no real impact on academic psychology
d. behaviorism came to dominate American psychology, but it happened only gradually, with the school becoming a major force only in the 1930s
A
d. behaviorism came to dominate American psychology, but it happened only gradually, with the school becoming a major force only in the 1930s
17
Q
Which of the following is true about Freud’s theories?
a. he originated the idea of the unconscious influencing our behavior
b. he originally believed that all behavior was motivated by aggression; later he added sex
c. his idea about childhood sexuality, the basis for the Oedipal complex, was the only part of his theory that was truly originated by him
d. before developing the Oedipal complex, he believed that adult problems resulted from childhood sexual abuse
A
c. his idea about childhood sexuality, the basis for the Oedipal complex, was the only part of his theory that was truly originated by him
18
Q
With which of the following statements would Carl Rogers agree?
a. successful therapy requires that the clinician dig deeply into the client’s unconscious
b. scientific methods can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy
c. ultimately, the only thing that matters in therapy is that people change their behavior
d. the therapist must take an active role in guiding the client
A
b. scientific methods can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy
19
Q
The linguist Noam Chomsky believed that language is something unique to humans and therefore part of a human “instinct.” To support his argument, he argued that
a. all languages involve a grammar
b. there is no evidence for a critical period for language development
c. even Skinner recognized the fact of linguistic universals
d. no other species uses a communication system
A
a. all languages involve a grammar
20
Q
Napoleon’s all-consuming need for power would be used by Allport as an example of a
a. central trait
b. universal trait
c. cardinal trait
d. secondary trait
A
c. cardinal trait
21
Q
Which of the following was a purpose for establishing an Ethics Code?
a. To punish psychologists
b. To gain the public trust
c. To codify a set of regulations and laws for psychology
d. To suggest what psychologists might do in practice
A
b. To gain the public trust
22
Q
The five General Principles are ______________, intended to inspire psychologists toward the highest ethical ideals of the profession.
a. visionary
b. specific
c. aspirational
d. enforceable
A
c. aspirational
23
Q
When a psychologist believes that another psychologist has committed an ethical violation, the ethical issue may be addressed in a __________________ or _____________________ manner.
a. formal, informal
b. formal, legal
c. friendly, adversarial
d. friendly, legal
A
a. formal, informal
24
Q
When a psychologist wishes to implement new practices for which there is no generally agreed upon scientific or professional training, they should take reasonable steps:
a. to ensure competence
b. to ensure the safety of their work
c. to ensure the protection of their clients
d. to ensure competence, safety of their work and protection of their clients
A
d. to ensure competence, safety of their work and protection of their clients
25
A psychologist refrains from entering into a multiple relationship if the multiple relationship could reasonably be expected to:
a. impair psychologist’s objectivity and performance
b. increase psychologist’s objectivity and performance
c. ensure psychologist’s objectivity and performance
d. impair psychologist’s objectivity and subjectivity
a. impair psychologist’s objectivity and performance
26
Limits may be placed on the extent to which private information acquired during psychological services can be kept confidential. Some limits include all of the following, except:
a. to report suspected child abuse
b. to protect from imminent self-harm
c. upon request from an attorney
d. lawful military investigations
c. upon request from an attorney
27
It is ethical for psychologists to include personal information on their professional website, if:
a. it is directly relevant to professional services
b. it is directly relevant to the psychologist
c. it is not false
d. it is not misleading
a. it is directly relevant to professional services
28
If a client does not pay for the services received from a psychologist, the psychologist may:
a. use collection agencies to collect the fees
b. use collection agencies to collect the fees if they have informed the client first
c. never use a collection agency to collect the fees
d. never use legal means to collect the fees
b. use collection agencies to collect the fees if they have informed the client first
29
When clients, students, employees, prisoners, or other institutionalized persons are also research participants, researchers must be aware of:
a. the potential for harm
b. the power differential
c. the potential benefits
d. the potential risks
b. the power differential
30
In group therapy, who is obligated to maintain confidentiality of statements made within the group session?
a. Psychologist only
b. Group members only
c. Psychologist and group members
d. No one
a. Psychologist only
31
“You must understand the values and expectations of the society in which behavior occurs before you decide that abnormality exists.” This quote best reflects which view of abnormality?
a. traditional
b. cultural relativism
c. epidemiological
d. cultural universality
b. cultural relativism
32
What widely used interview procedure is a useful diagnostic tool to help clinicians cover areas that are ordinarily not part of a clinical interview?
a. Rorschach technique
b. mental status examination
c. sentence-completion test
d. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
b. mental status examination
33
Anxiety disorders often have co-occurring disorders. One of the most likely is ____.
a. depression
b. schizophrenia
c. Tourette’s disorder
d. borderline personality disorder
a. depression
34
What is the primary difference between factitious disorder and malingering?
a. The feigning of symptoms in factitious disorder is induced deliberately with no apparent incentive, while the motivation in malingering is typically to achieve some goal.
b. The symptoms in factitious disorder are not produced intentionally, whereas they are in malingering.
c. The symptoms in malingering are not produced intentionally, whereas they are in factitious disorder.
d. The feigning of symptoms in factitious disorder is motivated by economic gain or to avoid some unpleasant task, whereas the motivation in malingering is to assume the sick role.
a. The feigning of symptoms in factitious disorder is induced deliberately with no apparent incentive, while the motivation in malingering is typically to achieve some goal.
35
Research addressing the relationship between stress and depression suggests that ____.
a. several minor stressors are more likely than one severe stressor to cause depression.
b. acute stress is more likely than chronic stress to cause depression.
c. exposure to dangerous events is more likely than loss and humiliation to cause depression.
d. there is a bidirectional relationship between stress and depression so that stress can cause depression and depression can cause stress.
d. there is a bidirectional relationship between stress and depression so that stress can cause depression and depression can cause stress.
36
The person with bulimia nervosa is at risk of ____.
a. loss of sleep
b. personality disorders
c. suicide
d. Obesity
c. suicide
37
What is a psychological treatment approach that addresses ambivalence about giving up substance use and is used to prevent relapse?
a. psychodynamic therapy
b. desensitization therapy
c. motivational enhancement therapy
d. shock therapy
c. motivational enhancement therapy
38
Which of the following is most likely to produce diagnostic errors?
a. cultural similarities
b. cultural differences
c. assessment
d. lack of clinical expertise about the effects of medication
b. cultural differences
39
Which description best illustrates gender dysphoria (transsexualism)?
a. Pedro is sexually attracted to other men.
b. Carlos experiences sexual arousal only if he dresses in women's clothes.
c. Miguel is constantly preoccupied with thoughts of castration.
d. Luis has had poor social relationships because he has always been distressed about being a man.
d. Luis has had poor social relationships because he has always been distressed about being a man.
40
Which statement about the diagnosis of childhood disorders using the DSM-5 is accurate?
a. Clinicians no longer have to decide whether behaviors are inappropriate or excessive to diagnose childhood disorders.
b. In the latest edition, there are only seven diagnostic categories, so many children's problems are lumped together in overlapping categories.
c. In the latest edition, the criteria have become very strict, so there has been a dramatic decrease in the number of children diagnosed.
d. To determine if a child has an actual psychological disorder, clinicians consider the child’s age, developmental level, environmental factors, and symptoms that cause significant impairment in daily functioning over an extended period of time.
d. To determine if a child has an actual psychological disorder, clinicians consider the child’s age, developmental level, environmental factors, and symptoms that cause significant impairment in daily functioning over an extended period of time.
41
The primary emphasis in cross-cultural counseling should be placed on the alignment of the counseling with the client’s
a. Race
b. Worldview
c. Gender
d. Competence
b. Worldview
42
One of the most widely circulated claims in cross-cultural psychopathology has been that people of Asian descent tend to replace psychological symptoms with which of the following?
a. Psychiatric disorders
b. Psychological disorders
c. Somatic symptoms
d. Traditional Asian medical symptoms
c. Somatic symptoms
43
Latino/as in general remain the ________ formally educated Americans.
a. Second most
b. Second least
c. Least
d. Most
b. Second least
44
Health care challenges faced by transgender people include all of the following except
a. Privacy concerns
b. Stigma
c. Knowledgeable providers
d. Health insurance coverage
c. Knowledgeable providers
45
Coming out has been acknowledged as a ___________process for people of marginalized sexual identities.
a. Positive but unhealthy
b. Positive and healthy
c. Negative but healthy
d. Negative and unhealthy
b. Positive and healthy
46
When refugees are haunted by feelings of guilt because they escaped from dangerous conditions in their home countries but left behind family, friends, and loved ones, they are experiencing
a. Migrant’s guilt
b. Refugee’s guilt
c. Survivor’s guilt
d. Victim’s guilt
c. Survivor’s guilt
47
Research suggests that many mental health professionals ________ therapeutically with low-income clients.
a. Easily connect
b. Struggle to connect
c. Refuse to connect
d. Deeply connect
b. Struggle to connect
48
Black women experience more stress during pregnancy than do women in other groups for the following reasons except
a. Insecure neighborhoods
b. Enmeshed social support
c. Discrimination by health professionals
d. Financial security
b. Enmeshed social support
49
In counseling Native American and Alaska Native families, it is critical for mental health professionals to assume a position of
a. Cultural healer
b. Cultural expert
c. Cultural humility
d. Cultural teacher
c. Cultural humility
50
Recognition of __________ is critical to the counselor’s ability to understand the person he or she is working with in the counseling relationship.
a. Linguistic differences
b. Theoretical differences
c. Educational differences
d. Practical differences
a. Linguistic differences
51
Which of the following statements best defines motivation? Motivation is:
a. an intense desire to succeed.
b. a force that energizes and directs behavior.
c. a system of rewards and punishments to influence behavior.
d. positive beliefs about oneself, such as high self-esteem.
b. a force that energizes and directs behavior.
52
The structure responsible for detecting and generating motivational states to respond to environmental threats and dangers is the:
a. amygdala.
b. anterior cingulate cortex.
c. nucleus accumbens.
d. reticular formation.
a. amygdala.
53
If a person engages in an intrinsically motivating activity and begins to receive extrinsic rewards for doing so, what happens to his or her intrinsic and extrinsic motivations?
a. Intrinsic decreases, while extrinsic increases.
b. Intrinsic increases, while extrinsic decreases.
c. Both decrease.
d. Both increase.
a. Intrinsic decreases, while extrinsic increases.
54
If a person engages in an intrinsically motivating activity and begins to receive extrinsic rewards for doing so, what happens to his or her intrinsic and extrinsic motivations?
a. Intrinsic decreases, while extrinsic increases.
b. Intrinsic increases, while extrinsic decreases.
c. Both decrease.
d. Both increase.
c. Both decrease.
55
The motivation to exercise personal control in one’s life is predicated on the person’s:
a. belief that positive outcomes can be achieved even in uncontrollable situations.
b. belief that the person has the personal capacity to produce favorable results.
c. high self-esteem.
d. passivity in low-control situations but activity in high-control situations.
b. belief that the person has the personal capacity to produce favorable results.
56
When a person receives potent social feedback that disconfirms his or her preexisting self-conception, what variable determines whether the person will or will not experience a change in self-concept?
a. self-concept certainty
b. whether self-esteem is positive or negative
c. whether the self-concept is positive or negative
d. whether the social feedback is positive or negative
a. self-concept certainty
57
According to those who study the functions of emotions, which of the following
statements is most true?
a. Emotions disrupt and disorganize behavior.
b. Emotions make it difficult for the person to cope optimally with the situation at hand.
c. The functions of some emotions are more important, behaviorally speaking, than are the functions of other emotions.
d. There is no such thing as a “bad” emotion.
d. There is no such thing as a “bad” emotion.
58
The purpose of the cross-cultural investigations that tested whether human beings display similar facial expressions of emotion regardless of cultural/national differences was to demonstrate that:
a. facial behavior has an innate, unlearned component.
b. facial behavior has a learned, voluntary component.
c. some cultures express positive emotions clearly but negative emotions only vaguely.
d. some cultures are more emotionally expressive than are other cultures.
a. facial behavior has an innate, unlearned component.
59
The most frequent source of a person’s day-to-day emotion is:
a. external sources of information that conflict with one’s prior beliefs.
b. other people.
c. success–failure outcomes.
d. unconscious memories.
b. other people.
60
_____ individuals accept external definitions that pressure them to identify with stereotypical identities and ways of behaving that are appropriate for their social group.
a. Fully functioning
b. Self-actualizing
c. Self-defined
d. Socially defined
d. Socially defined
61
Assume you had a 74-year-old client who was suffering from early stage Alzheimer's symptoms. Very likely the first choice medication for this person will be
b. An Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
c. A Psychostimulant
d. A low dose of L-Dopa
b. An Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
62
Which of the following shows the least efficacy in treating cortical dementias?
a. Nicotine
b. Anti-inflammatory agents
c. Vitamin e
d. Aricept
c. Vitamin e
63
MDMA is most accurately classed as a (n)
a. hallucinogen
b. stimulant
c. empathogen
d. entheogen
c. empathogen
64
The most common medicine used to treat ADHD with the most efficacy is
a. L-amphetamine compounds
b. D-amphetamine compounds
c. Noradrenergic compounds
d. Cholinergic compounds
a. L-amphetamine compounds
65
The site of anti-psychotic action in neuroleptics seems to be
a. the mesolimbic pathway
b. the nigra-striatal pathway
c. the locus coeruleus
d. the tuberoinfundibular pathway
a. the mesolimbic pathway
66
6. In medicating ADHD Focalin and Concerta both
a. are extended release formulations
b. are classed as amphetamines
c. act on DA
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
67
7. Probably the least effective medication for ADHD is
a. Focalin
b. Ritalin
c. Strattera
d. Concerta
c. Strattera
68
There are several good reasons for using Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAMs), however, what would be considered a con or negative aspect of CAMs?
a. The lack of consistency between brands and or treatment protocols.
b. The lack of consistency regarding ingredients and potency levels of medicines.
c. The lack of consistency in research.
d. All the above
d. All the above
69
9. Depressed patients often present with agitation and anxiety. A common mistake among general practice physicians is to prescribe a benzodiazepine, observing the agitation and anxiety but missing the underlying depression. As a result of this practice, one is likely to see:
a. Initial calming followed by worsening depression.
b. At least partial long-term remission from depression.
c. Improved concentration and mental functioning.
d. Medication non-compliance
a. Initial calming followed by worsening depression.
70
When under treatment with an MAO inhibitor, one should avoid:
a. Red meat
b. Pea Soup
c. Aged cheese
d. Jello
c. Aged cheese
71
The two basic kinds of cells in the nervous system are _____.
a. neurons and glia
b. dendrites and axons
c. ribosomes and lysosomes
d. neurons and axons
a. neurons and glia
72
The central nervous system is composed of the ____.
a. brain and spinal cord
b. nerves outside the brain and spinal cord exclusively
c. sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
d. somatic and autonomic nervous systems
a. brain and spinal cord
73
The ability of the brain to change its anatomy over time, within limits, is known as ____.
a. plasticity
b. regression
c. connectivity
d. long term potentiation
a. plasticity
74
In comparison to the rods, cones are more ____.
a. common toward the periphery of the retina
b. sensitive to detail
c. sensitive to dim light
d. common in rodents and other nocturnal animals
b. sensitive to detail
75
Activity in the left hemisphere is associated with ____.
a. decreased emotional experiences
b. fear, but not other emotions
c. behavioral activation
d. behavioral inhibition
c. behavioral activation
76
Studies on ____ help clarify the distinctions among different kinds of memory and enable us to explore the mechanisms of memory.
a. dementia
b. amnesia
c. epilepsy
d. stroke
b. amnesia
77
To say that a drug has an affinity for a particular type of receptor is to imply that the drug ____.
a. breaks down neurotransmitter chemicals at that receptor site
b. will always excite the postsynaptic receptor
c. will always inhibit the postsynaptic receptor
d. binds to that receptor
d. binds to that receptor
78
During REM sleep, the EEG shows ____.
a. regular, high-voltage slow waves
b. irregular, high-voltage slow waves
c. regular, low-voltage slow waves
d. irregular, low-voltage fast waves
d. irregular, low-voltage fast waves
79
Which hormone controls the rate at which glucose leaves the blood and enters the cells?
a. CCK
b. aldosterone
c. glucagon
d. insulin
d. insulin
80
Birth control pills prevent pregnancy by ____.
a. increasing the release of estrogen
b. increasing the release of FSH
c. interfering with the feedback cycle between the ovaries and the pituitary
d. inactivating both ovaries
c. interfering with the feedback cycle between the ovaries and the pituitary
81
According to the laws on special education testing, when evaluating a student for a learning disability to qualify for special education,
a. the Binet test must be used.
b. the Wechsler test must be used.
c. both the Binet and Wechsler tests must be used.
d. neither the Binet nor the Wechsler test must be used.
d. neither the Binet nor the Wechsler test must be used.
82
With the new MMPI-2 norms, T scores are considered significant if they are
a. 65 or higher.
b. 70 or higher.
c. 75 or higher.
d. 100 or higher
a. 65 or higher.
83
Joey's parents went to a therapist to help them overcome Joey's fear of going to school. Before she helped them create a reward system for each time their son went to school without crying, the therapist first determined the severity and frequency of the behavior. The therapist was
a. establishing a baseline.
b. developing a diagnosis.
c. establishing rapport.
d. assessing the cause of behavior.
a. establishing a baseline.
84
The scientific discipline that examines psychological impairments of the central nervous system, and the therapeutic or educational techniques designed to bring about improvement, is known as ____.
a. behavioral psychology.
b. cognitive psychology.
c. clinical neuropsychology.
d. health psychology.
c. clinical neuropsychology.
85
____ attempts to identify items that are specifically biased against specific groups.
a. Differential item functioning analysis.
b. Multivariate analysis.
c. Ethnicity sensitive analysis.
d. Measurement equivalence.
a. Differential item functioning analysis.
86
A test format that is typically used for attitude measurement is the
a. checklist format.
b. dichotomous format.
c. category format.
d. Likert format.
d. Likert format.
87
Which of the following attempts to comfort or support the interviewee?
a. evaluative statements.
b. probing statements.
c. hostile statements.
d. reassuring statements.
d. reassuring statements.
88
Which of the following is not one of the WAIS-IV verbal scales?
a. digit symbol-coding.
b. information.
c. similarities.
d. digit-span.
a. digit symbol-coding.
89
Which type of scale has magnitude and equal intervals, but does not have an absolute zero?
a. Ordinal
b. Nominal
c. Ratio
d. Interval
d. Interval
90
When talking about errors in terms of psychological testing, we are referring to the fact that:
a. someone got an answer incorrect.
b. there is always some inaccuracy in the measurement.
c. the test was inappropriate for that particular group.
d. the score is too subjective to be accurate.
b. there is always some inaccuracy in the measurement.
91
In a chemistry class, a group of students try mixing two chemicals together to see what will happen. These students are using the ____ method to gather information.
a. empirical
b. rational
c. intuitive
d. scientific
a. empirical
92
Which method is least likely to be used to assess the validity of a measurement?
a. split-half
b. concurrent
c. predictive
d. convergent
a. split-half
93
A process that produces one outcome from a set of possible outcomes, produces an unpredictable outcome, and guarantees that each of the possible outcomes equally likely is said to be ____.
a. random
b. stratified
c. non-probabilistic
d. biased
a. random
94
A research ____ is a general plan for implementing the research strategy.
a. procedure
b. design
c. study
d. protocol
b. design
95
The tendency for individuals who have extreme scores (high or low) on one measurement and to have less extreme scores on a second measurement is called ____.
a. history
b. instrumentation
c. maturation
d. regression toward the mean
d. regression toward the mean
96
A graph of a two-factor study indicates an interaction when the lines on the graph ____.
a. are parallel
b. cross or converge
c. are steep in slope
d. have the same slope
b. cross or converge
97
How does the descriptive research strategy differ from the experimental or nonexperimental research strategies?
a. It involves comparing groups of scores.
b. It does not concern relationships between variables.
c. It attempts to describe and explain relationships between variables.
d. It does not involve the measurement of variables.
b. It does not concern relationships between variables.
98
What name is given to a single-subject design consisting of the following four phases in the order given: baseline, treatment, baseline, treatment?
a. BABA design
b. ABA design
c. ABAB design
d. multiple-baseline design
c. ABAB design
99
If a frequency distribution is shown in a bar graph, what scale was used to measure the scores?
a. nominal only
b. nominal or ordinal
c. ratio only
d. interval or ratio
b. nominal or ordinal
100
The brief summary found at the beginning of most research reports is the ____.
a. synopsis
b. preface
c. abstract
d. introduction
c. abstract
101
When we hear that a recent survey found 36% of adults had used an on-line dating service, the is the
a. estimated standard error.
b. degrees of freedom.
c. margin of error.
d. confidence interval of the mean.
c. margin of error.
102
Differences in scores produced by the independent variable corresponds with which of the following ANOVA terms?
a. Treatment effect.
b. Factor.
c. Mean square.
d. Level.
a. Treatment effect.
103
If you are interested in how well students perform on a standardized math achievement test after they have completed a six-week math unit in either a computer-assisted class, a videotaped course, or a regular classroom, and you also want to include a factor for sex (boys vs. girls), what is the dependent variable?
a. The type of math instruction.
b. The subjects' sex.
c. The six-week unit.
d. The scores on the math achievement test.
d. The scores on the math achievement test.
104
The null hypothesis in the chi-square test for goodness of fit is
a. the data fit the expected frequencies.
b. the data do not fit the expected frequencies.
c. the variables are independent.
d. the variables are dependent.
a. the data fit the expected frequencies.
105
One reason we transform data is to
a. create data that are positive numbers.
b. create data that are whole numbers.
c. make the data easier to work with.
d. eliminate inappropriate data.
c. make the data easier to work with.
106
A distribution that is symmetrical, has as its middle score the score with the highest frequency, and has decreasing frequencies as scores are further from the middle score is called a(n) _____ distribution.
a. bimodal
b. overlapping
c. skewed
d. normal
d. normal
107
The mean is used most often in behavioral research because researchers tend to
a. measure variables that have interval or ratio scores, and the scores form approximately normal distributions.
b. conduct research in which the mathematical center of a distribution is required.
c. conduct research in which only the most frequently occurring score is needed.
d. measure variables that have interval or ratio scores, and the scores usually do not form a normal distribution.
a. measure variables that have interval or ratio scores, and the scores form approximately normal distributions.
108
Pat's last statistics test score was 72. If the instructor tells Pat that the grade distribution was approximately normal, the class mean was 67, and the standard deviation was 3, which of the following is correct?
a. A score of 72 is never good.
b. Pat should be worried about this score, because many other students did better.
c. Pat should be fairly happy about this score, because many students did not do as well.
d. Pat should be ecstatic, because this is obviously one of the highest grades in the class.
c. Pat should be fairly happy about this score, because many students did not do as well.
109
Using a correlational design, a researcher found a relationship between the healthiness of one's heart and the amount of fish oil in one's diet. The researcher should conclude that
a. a healthier heart causes one to consume more fish oil.
b. the amount of fish oil in one's diet causes a healthier heart.
c. although a relationship exists, one cannot infer that changes in one variable are causing changes in the other variable.
d. the availability of fish causes changes in both the healthiness of one's heart and the amount of fish oil consumed.
c. although a relationship exists, one cannot infer that changes in one variable are causing changes in the other variable.
110
The purpose of probability and inferential statistics is to
a. infer exact values for the population.
b. make statements with certainty about characteristics of the population.
c. perform studies on an entire population.
d. make decisions about whether the relationship seen in a sample would be found in the population.
d. make decisions about whether the relationship seen in a sample would be found in the population.
111
Universal images or symbols are known as
a. archetypes.
b. instincts.
c. neurotic trends.
d. basic drives.
a. archetypes.
112
The analyst who emphasized the early relationships between the infant and the mother - the development of anxiety and the sense of self was
a. Sullivan.
b. Murray.
c. Rorschach.
d. Adler.
a. Sullivan.
113
Standard 1.06 requires psychologists to cooperate with ethics committees. This cooperation may be limited by:
a. advice of counsel
b. confidentiality responsibilities
c. lack of knowledge
d. lack of commitment
b. confidentiality responsibilities
114
Broca is to Wernicke as _____ is to _____.
a. clinical method; electrical stimulation
b. electrical stimulation; clinical method
c. sensory aphasia; motor aphasia
d. motor aphasia; sensory aphasia
d. motor aphasia; sensory aphasia
115
One of the most widely circulated claims in cross-cultural psychopathology has been that people of Asian descent tend to replace psychological symptoms with which of the following?
a. Psychiatric disorders
b. Psychological disorders
c. Somatic symptoms
d. Traditional Asian medical symptoms
c. Somatic symptoms
116
The following parts of the APA Ethics Code may be used by other bodies regulating the ethical science and practice of psychology:
a. the General Principles
b. the Ethical Standards
c. the Ethical Standards and the General Principles
d. none
b. the Ethical Standards
117
Broca is to Wernicke as _____ is to _____.
a. clinical method; electrical stimulation
b. electrical stimulation; clinical method
c. sensory aphasia; motor aphasia
d. motor aphasia; sensory aphasia
d. motor aphasia; sensory aphasia
118
What is the primary distinction between psychological needs such as autonomy and social needs such as achievement?
a. Psychological needs are felt more intensely than are social needs.
b. Social needs predict important outcomes in a more reliable way than do
psychological needs.
c. Social needs are acquired through experience and socialization.
d. Social needs are proactive in that they motivate people's initiative more than do psychological needs.
c. Social needs are acquired through experience and socialization.
119
The motivation to exercise personal control in one's life is predicated on the person's:
a. belief that positive outcomes can be achieved even in uncontrollable situations.
b. belief that the person has the personal capacity to produce favorable results.
c. high self-esteem.
d. passivity in low-control situations but activity in high-control situations.
b. belief that the person has the personal capacity to produce favorable results.
120
Two samples are said to be independent when
a. we randomly select participants for a sample, without regard to who has been selected for either sample.
b. we randomly select participants for a sample, being sure to pair each person in one sample with a particular person in the other sample.
c. we randomly select participants for a sample, being sure that each participant serves in every condition of our experiment.
d. the null hypothesis of the two-sample t-test is rejected.
a. we randomly select participants for a sample, without regard to who has been selected for either sample.
121
The second most common form of dementia comes from
a. Alcohol
b. Cortical sclerosis
c. Parkinson's Disease
d. HIV induced dementia
c. Parkinson's Disease
122
The most common medicine used to treat ADHD with the most efficacy is
a. L-amphetamine compounds
b. D-amphetamine compounds
c. Noradrenergic compounds
d. Cholinergic compounds
a. L-amphetamine compounds
123
The mistrust that members of indigenous communities have for non-Natives based on the sociopolitical historical and contemporary relations between Natives and Whites, is often described as
a. Intergenerational trauma
b. Assimilation trauma
c. Indigenous trauma
d. Marginalization trauma
a. Intergenerational trauma
124
As we learn more about human behavior and mental disorders, research suggests that ____.
a. behavioral explanations are superior to the others
b. cultural factors are more important than biological or psychological factors
c. biological, psychological, and cultural factors are all important
d. most of the models are so different that there is little room for their integration
c. biological, psychological, and cultural factors are all important
125
When conflicts between ethics and law arise, the psychologist should:
a. always obey the law
b. always obey the ethics code
c. consider the consequences of the decision to the psychologist
d. consider the consequences of the decision to the stakeholders
d. consider the consequences of the decision to the stakeholders
126
According to the existential view, certain problems
a. are inherent in the nature of existence.
b. are existential in being derived from neurotic conflict.
c. are due to the nature of the instinct.
d. are due to unconscious forces.
a. are inherent in the nature of existence.
127
The Freudian and Rogerian views
a. both emphasize the development of symptoms.
b. both emphasize conflict, anxiety, and defense.
c. both emphasize the struggle with drives.
d. both emphasize structural conflicts.
b. both emphasize conflict, anxiety, and defense.
128
An educational psychologist is interested in determining whether attitudes toward school change with age. She randomly selects 30 seventh-graders, 30 ninth-graders, and 30 eleventh-graders and administers a "Do you like school?" test. How many factors does this experiment have?
a. 3
b. 90
c. 30
d. 1
d. 1
129
After conditioning, a CS produces a CR. But if the CS is then presented repeatedly without the UCS, the CR diminishes. Pavlov called this process
a. extinction
b. differentiation
c. generalization
d. forgetting
a. extinction
130
The goal of the behavior therapist, in working with a patient, is
a. gaining insight into the reasons behind the development of pathological behavior.
b. overcoming the psychological "blocks" which prevent a person from developing normally.
c. the modification of the target behavior.
d. the restructuring of the patient's view of his world in such a way that he can deal with it effectively.
c. the modification of the target behavior.
131
A culturally competent psychologist should do all of the following, except:
a. to understand how culture is relevant to ethical decision making
b. to treat all clients the same no matter the culture
c. to understand how cultural competence influences psychologist activities
d. to integrate cultural sensitivity into ethical decision making
b. to treat all clients the same no matter the culture
132
When a person receives potent social feedback that disconfirms his or her preexisting self-conception, what variable determines whether the person will or will not experience a change in self-concept?
a. self-concept certainty
b. whether self-esteem is positive or negative
c. whether the self-concept is positive or negative
d. whether the social feedback is positive or negative
a. self-concept certainty
133
As we learn more about human behavior and mental disorders, research suggests that ____.
a. behavioral explanations are superior to the others
b. cultural factors are more important than biological or psychological factors
c. biological, psychological, and cultural factors are all important
d. most of the models are so different that there is little room for their integration
c. biological, psychological, and cultural factors are all important
134
Depressed patients often present with agitation and anxiety. A common mistake among general practice physicians is to prescribe a benzodiazepine, observing the agitation and anxiety but missing the underlying depression. As a result of this practice, one is likely to see:
a. Initial calming followed by worsening depression.
b. At least partial long-term remission from depression.
c. Improved concentration and mental functioning.
d. Medication non-compliance
a. Initial calming followed by worsening depression.
135
The integration of self-efficacy and perceived control beliefs that one can attain desired goals leads to the psychological experience of:
a. intrinsic motivation.
b. explanatory style.
c. hope.
d. reactance.
c. hope.
136
Standard 1.06 requires psychologists to cooperate with ethics committees. This cooperation may be limited by:
a. advice of counsel
b. confidentiality responsibilities
c. lack of knowledge
d. lack of commitment
b. confidentiality responsibilities
137
A promising new approach for treating PTSD is
a. using hallucinogens like psilocybin
b. EMDR combined with sertraline
c. methylenedioxymethamphetamine
d. Marijuana
c. methylenedioxymethamphetamine
138
```
Before any therapy with Arabs/Muslims takes place, the client's levels of which of the following should assessed?
a, Ego strength
b. Self-actualization
c. Spirituality
d. Intelligence
```
a, Ego strength
139
The main advantage of a neuron releasing more than one neurotransmitter is that:
a. if it runs out of one, it has others
b. it can release different transmitters on different occasions
c. it can send more complex messages
d. it can release one from the axon's terminal and one from another location along the axon
c. it can send more complex messages
140
According to those who study the functions of emotions, which of the following
statements is most true?
a. Emotions disrupt and disorganize behavior.
b. Emotions make it difficult for the person to cope optimally with the situation at hand.
c. The functions of some emotions are more important, behaviorally speaking, than are the functions of other emotions.
d. There is no such thing as a "bad" emotion.
d. There is no such thing as a "bad" emotion.
141
Sample variance is defined as the
a. average of the deviations around the sample mean.
b. average of the squared deviations of scores around the sample mean.
c. sum of the deviations around the sample mean, squared.
d. sum of the squared deviations around the sample mean.
b. average of the squared deviations of scores around the sample mean.
142
Which term is correctly paired with its definition?
a. Hypomania is when a person is beginning to feel depressed.
b. Mania is when a person is "high" but totally coherent.
c. Hypomania may involve poor judgment but not delusions.
d. Mania is a less severe form of the disorder than hypomania.
c. Hypomania may involve poor judgment but not delusions.
143
Research on circadian rhythms has shown that one of the best ways to increase the alertness and efficiency of workers on night shifts is to ____.
a. expose them to bright lights while they work
b. keep the environmental temperature constant from night to day
c. have them eat a big meal before going to sleep
d. allow them to catnap
a. expose them to bright lights while they work
144
According to Darwin,
a. in the struggle for existence, only the physically strong survive
b. generally speaking, the food supply grows faster than the population for a given species
c. variations within a species that are "adaptive" are "naturally" selected for survival
d. there is a lot of variation from one species to another, but variation within a species is virtually nonexistent
c. variations within a species that are "adaptive" are "naturally" selected for survival
145
___________ provides the overall framework from which we learn how to think, feel, and behave in relation to our environment and to others around us.
a. Worldview
b. Culture
c. Ethics
d. Religion
b. Culture
146
The central nervous system is composed of the ____.
a. brain and spinal cord
b. nerves outside the brain and spinal cord exclusively
c. sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
d. somatic and autonomic nervous systems
a. brain and spinal cord
147
Which of the following best summarizes Skinner's ideas about operant conditioning?
a. a stimulus paired with a response will, on recurrence, tend to elicit that response again
a. learning results from the gradual construction of cognitive maps
b. behaviors producing positive consequences tend to recur
c. learning occurs
b. behaviors producing positive consequences tend to recur
148
According to the laws on special education testing, when evaluating a student for a learning disability to qualify for special education,
a. the Binet test must be used.
b. the Wechsler test must be used.
c. both the Binet and Wechsler tests must be used.
d. neither the Binet nor the Wechsler test must be used.
d. neither the Binet nor the Wechsler test must be used.
149
The goal of the behavior therapist, in working with a patient, is
a. gaining insight into the reasons behind the development of pathological behavior.
b. overcoming the psychological "blocks" which prevent a person from developing normally.
c. the modification of the target behavior.
d. the restructuring of the patient's view of his world in such a way that he can deal with it effectively.
c. the modification of the target behavior.
150
The most frequent source of a person's day-to-day emotion is:
a. external sources of information that conflict with one's prior beliefs.
b. other people.
c. success-failure outcomes.
d. unconscious memories.
b. other people.
151
In the military, there is ____ psychologist-client confidentiality in the traditional sense.
a. some
b. little
c. no
d. absolute
c. no
152
The mean is used most often in behavioral research because researchers tend to
a. measure variables that have interval or ratio scores, and the scores form approximately normal distributions.
b. conduct research in which the mathematical center of a distribution is required.
c. conduct research in which only the most frequently occurring score is needed.
d. measure variables that have interval or ratio scores, and the scores usually do not form a normal distribution.
a. measure variables that have interval or ratio scores, and the scores form approximately normal distributions.
153
Evidence-based therapies should be based on ____.
a. client culture, values, and beliefs
b. managed care provisions
c. meta-analysis
d. epidemiological studies
a. client culture, values, and beliefs
154
Joey's parents went to a therapist to help them overcome Joey's fear of going to school. Before she helped them create a reward system for each time their son went to school without crying, the therapist first determined the severity and frequency of the behavior. The therapist was
a. establishing a baseline.
b. developing a diagnosis.
c. establishing rapport.
d. assessing the cause of behavior.
a. establishing a baseline.
155
In considering how motivation and emotion relate to one another, which of the following statements is most accurate?
a. Emotions function as one type of motive.
b. Emotions and motivation are so similar that it makes sense to treat them as synonyms.
c. Motivation is more sensitive to changes in the environment, while emotion is more sensitive to changes in the person.
d. Motivational states act as an ongoing readout about the person's emotional experience.
a. Emotions function as one type of motive.
156
In a chemistry class, a group of students try mixing two chemicals together to see what will happen. These students are using the ____ method to gather information.
a. empirical
b. rational
c. intuitive
d. scientific
a. empirical
157
When a false negative rate is high, test makers may
a. re-norm the test.
b. add items to the test.
c. lower the cutoff.
d. increase reliability.
c. lower the cutoff.
158
What is the most relevant question you should ask when reading an introduction?
a. Is the literature review up to date?
b. Does the statistical analysis seem adequate?
c. Is the participant selection reasonable?
d. Are the conclusions supported by the results?
a. Is the literature review up to date?
159
Rogers' theory of personality emphasized
a. attitudes.
b. beliefs.
c. change.
d. stability.
c. change.
160
The ability of the brain to change its anatomy over time, within limits, is known as ____.
a. plasticity
b. regression
c. connectivity
d. long term potentiation
a. plasticity
161
Individuals who retain their ethnic culture as well as interact with and adopt elements of the majority culture are seen to be engaged in
a. Separation
b. Integration
c. Marginalization
d. Assimilation
b. Integration
162
The distribution of z-scores is always
a. positively skewed.
b. negatively skewed.
c. the same as the distribution of raw scores.
d. more spread out than the distribution of raw scores.
c. the same as the distribution of raw scores.
163
The abilities that allow us to reason, think, and acquire new knowledge are referred to as what type of intelligence?
a. general.
b. fluid.
c. crystallized.
d. principle.
b. fluid.
164
After conditioning, a CS produces a CR. But if the CS is then presented repeatedly without the UCS, the CR diminishes. Pavlov called this process
a. extinction
b. differentiation
c. generalization
d. forgetting
a. extinction
165
MDMA is most accurately classed as a (n)
a. hallucinogen
b. stimulant
c. empathogen
d. entheogen
c. empathogen
166
The tendency for individuals who have extreme scores (high or low) on one measurement and to have less extreme scores on a second measurement is called ____.
a. history
b. instrumentation
c. maturation
d. regression toward the mean
d. regression toward the mean
167
If a researcher explains what will happen in a research study using language that potential participants are unlikely to understand, then the researcher has violated the intent of ____.
a. confidentiality
b. preventing harm
c. informed consent
d. anonymity
c. informed consent
168
What is ecological memory?
a. it's a term that sums up what Ebbinghaus did
b. it's a term that sums up what G. E. Müller did
c. it refers to any laboratory memory research using good experimental control
d. it's the study of memory for everyday events
d. it's the study of memory for everyday events
169
The spinal cord communicates with ____.
a. sense organs and muscles below the level of the head
b. all sense organs and muscles in the human body
c. the dorsal root ganglia only
d. the ventral root ganglia only
a. sense organs and muscles below the level of the head
170
To say that a drug has an affinity for a particular type of receptor is to imply that the drug ____.
a. breaks down neurotransmitter chemicals at that receptor site
b. will always excite the postsynaptic receptor
c. will always inhibit the postsynaptic receptor
d. binds to that receptor
d. binds to that receptor
171
Experiments allow researchers to ____.
a. eliminate experimenter bias
b. answer questions about the existence of a relationship between two variables
c. observe naturally occurring behavior
d. answer cause-and-effect questions about the relationship between two variables
d. answer cause-and-effect questions about the relationship between two variables
172
When a false negative rate is high, test makers may
a. re-norm the test.
b. add items to the test.
c. lower the cutoff.
d. increase reliability.
c. lower the cutoff.
173
Lifetime prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highest among ____.
a. African Americans
b. Hispanic Americans
c. White Americans
d. Asian Americans
a. African Americans
174
What is the most common statistical analysis for a single-factor multiple-group design?
a. ANOVA
b. independent-measures t test
c. repeated-measures t test
d. regression
a. ANOVA
175
Which of the following is accurate about people who attempt suicide?
a. Most of them leave suicide notes.
b. Most of them want to cause pain for the people they leave behind.
c. Alcohol increases suicidality by decreasing inhibitory control.
d. Virtually all of them suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder.
c. Alcohol increases suicidality by decreasing inhibitory control.
176
The most commonly used descriptive statistics for a set of numerical scores are the mean and the ____.
a. range
b. standard deviation
c. mode
d. median
b. standard deviation
177
he person with bulimia nervosa is at risk of ____.
a. loss of sleep
b. personality disorders
c. suicide
d. Obesity
c. suicide
178
The herbaceutical with the most efficacy would likely be
a. St John's Wort
b. Ginkgo Biloba
c. Valerian Root
d. Hops
a. St John's Wort
179
Which of the following is not described as a trend in modern psychology?
a. increased interest in brain and behavior
b. a return of evolutionary thinking
c. increased professionalization of practitioners
d. an increased rejection of the importance of genetic influence
d. an increased rejection of the importance of genetic influence
180
A psychologist refrains from entering into a multiple relationship if the multiple relationship could reasonably be expected to:
a. impair psychologist's objectivity and performance
b. increase psychologist's objectivity and performance
c. ensure psychologist's objectivity and performance
d. impair psychologist's objectivity and subjectivity
a. impair psychologist's objectivity and performance
181
___________ is an overwhelmingly powerful emotion associated with feelings of inferiority, a sense of worthlessness, and a damaged self-image.
a. Depression
b. Sadness
c. Shame
d. Guilt
c. Shame
182
Which of the following is most likely to produce diagnostic errors?
a. cultural similarities
b. cultural differences
c. assessment
d. lack of clinical expertise about the effects of medication
b. cultural differences
183
Overall the efficacy of all antidepressants is approximately
a. 65%
b. 50%
c. 60%
d. 45%
b. 50%
184
How does the descriptive research strategy differ from the experimental or nonexperimental research strategies?
a. It involves comparing groups of scores.
b. It does not concern relationships between variables.
c. It attempts to describe and explain relationships between variables.
d. It does not involve the measurement of variables.
b. It does not concern relationships between variables.
185
The limbic system consists of structures that are believed to be important for which kind of responses?
a. reflexes
b. fine motor control
c. spatial orientation
d. emotional
d. emotional
186
In counseling Native American and Alaska Native families, it is critical for mental health professionals to assume a position of
a. Cultural healer
b. Cultural expert
c. Cultural humility
d. Cultural teacher
c. Cultural humility
187
Blending culturally relevant traditional healing practices with more conventional treatment approaches may be beneficial for
a. Alaska Natives only
b. American Indians only
c. Cherokee Indians only
d. All ethnocultural clients
d. All ethnocultural clients
188
A test format that is typically used for attitude measurement is the
a. checklist format.
b. dichotomous format.
c. category format.
d. Likert format.
d. Likert format.
189
Research on gender differences and self-schemas suggests that
a. self-schemas are inherited.
b. self-schemas are the product of evolutionary forces.
c. self-schemas are determined by early life experiences.
d. self-schemas are influenced by social norms about gender.
d. self-schemas are influenced by social norms about gender.
190
The main purpose of psychological testing is to evaluate
a. covert behavior.
b. individual differences.
c. personality traits.
d. overt behavior.
b. individual differences.
191
Sexual relationships between students and professor/supervisors are a specific example of ___________, ___________, and _______________.
a. unethical, multiple, relationship
b. ethical, multiple, relationship
c. ethical, allowable, behavior
d. unethical, prohibited, behavior
a. unethical, multiple, relationship
192
When people experience ________, it heightens the perceptions of closeness toward the other and creates an approach-based prosocial motivational orientation toward the other.
a. compassion
b. sympathy
c. empathy
d. gratitude
c. empathy
193
The key difference between parametric and nonparametric procedures is that parametric procedures
a. do not require that stringent assumptions be met.
b. require that certain assumptions be met.
c. are used for population distributions that are skewed.
d. are used for population distributions that have nominal scores.
b. require that certain assumptions be met.
194
Having feelings towards someone that are based on experiences from someone else in your past is called
a. transference
b. rejection sensitivity
c. self-verification
d. self-enhancement
a. transference
195
Which of the following shows the least efficacy in treating cortical dementias?
a. Nicotine
b. Anti-inflammatory agents
c. Vitamin e
d. Aricept
c. Vitamin e
196
Which of the following is true about Freud's theories?
a. he originated the idea of the unconscious influencing our behavior
b. he originally believed that all behavior was motivated by aggression; later he added sex
c. his idea about childhood sexuality, the basis for the Oedipal complex, was the only part of his theory that was truly originated by him
d. before developing the Oedipal complex, he believed that adult problems resulted from childhood sexual abuse
c. his idea about childhood sexuality, the basis for the Oedipal complex, was the only part of his theory that was truly originated by him
197
The general function of working memory is to ____.
a. hold information until it has time to get to long-term storage
b. store memories of life events permanently
c. attend to and operate on current information
d. store information related to repetitious motor movements
c. attend to and operate on current information
198
If a frequency distribution is shown in a bar graph, what scale was used to measure the scores?
a. nominal only
b. nominal or ordinal
c. ratio only
d. interval or ratio
b. nominal or ordinal
199
Research on circadian rhythms has shown that one of the best ways to increase the alertness and efficiency of workers on night shifts is to ____.
a. expose them to bright lights while they work
b. keep the environmental temperature constant from night to day
c. have them eat a big meal before going to sleep
d. allow them to catnap
a. expose them to bright lights while they work
200
Which statement about the diagnosis of childhood disorders using the DSM-5 is accurate?
a. Clinicians no longer have to decide whether behaviors are inappropriate or excessive to diagnose childhood disorders.
b. In the latest edition, there are only seven diagnostic categories, so many children's problems are lumped together in overlapping categories.
c. In the latest edition, the criteria have become very strict, so there has been a dramatic decrease in the number of children diagnosed.
d. To determine if a child has an actual psychological disorder, clinicians consider the child's age, developmental level, environmental factors, and symptoms that cause significant impairment in daily functioning over an extended period of time.
d. To determine if a child has an actual psychological disorder, clinicians consider the child's age, developmental level, environmental factors, and symptoms that cause significant impairment in daily functioning over an extended period of time.
201
Which person would be at the most immediate risk in stopping medication abruptly, without titrating the dose.
a. Someone taking Prozac for depression at 80mg per day.
b. A woman taking Wellbutrin for depression at 300mg per day.
c. A man taking 2mg of Xanax for anxiety, five times a day.
d. An 8-year-old boy taking 10gm of Vyvanse for ADHD.
c. A man taking 2mg of Xanax for anxiety, five times a day.
202
Coming out has been acknowledged as a ___________process for people of marginalized sexual identities.
a. Positive but unhealthy
b. Positive and healthy
c. Negative but healthy
d. Negative and unhealthy
b. Positive and healthy
203
The APA Record Keeping Guidelines recommend that absent specific legal requirements, complete records are maintained at minimum:
a. 5 years
b. 7 years
c. 10 years
d. 15 years
b. 7 years
204
Pat's last statistics test score was 72. If the instructor tells Pat that the grade distribution was approximately normal, the class mean was 67, and the standard deviation was 3, which of the following is correct?
a. A score of 72 is never good.
b. Pat should be worried about this score, because many other students did better.
c. Pat should be fairly happy about this score, because many students did not do as well.
d. Pat should be ecstatic, because this is obviously one of the highest grades in the class.
c. Pat should be fairly happy about this score, because many students did not do as well.
205
Why might having AIDS produce dementia?
a. Most people with AIDS have a history of Alzheimer's disease.
b. Most people with AIDS are over age 65.
c. The AIDS virus narrows the capillary walls and produces infarctions.
d. The AIDS virus invades the brain and affects mental processes.
d. The AIDS virus invades the brain and affects mental processes.
206
In group therapy, who is obligated to maintain confidentiality of statements made within the group session?
a. Psychologist only
b. Group members only
c. Psychologist and group members
d. No one
a. Psychologist only
207
Therapists working with international students should take a ________ approach.
a. Strengths-based
b. Deficit model
c. Multinational
d. Multicultural
a. Strengths-based
208
Which of the following is not one of the WAIS-IV verbal scales?
a. digit symbol-coding.
b. information.
c. similarities.
d. digit-span.
a. digit symbol-coding.
209
A research study that evaluates changes in behavior related to age by examining different groups of individuals, with each group representing a different age, is called a(n) ____.
a. time-series design
b. interrupted time-series design
c. cross-sectional developmental design
d. longitudinal developmental design
c. cross-sectional developmental design
