Comprehensive Exam Flashcards by Kindra Hill

When injecting down, the arterial solution moves from the tibial artery to the:

A) dorsalis pedis artery
B) brachial artery
C) femoral artery
D) axillary artery
E) popliteal artery

A) dorsalis pedis artery

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Variable factors encountered with every dead human body are classified as:

A) hypertonic or hypotonic
B) intravascular or extravascular
C) chrome or acute
D) intrinsic or extrinsic

D) intrinsic or extrinsic

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Which of the following is a postmortem physical change which usually occurs:

A) saccharolysis
B) proteolysis
C) autolysis
D) dehydration
E) decrease in blood viscosity

D) dehydration

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Indicated by the injector needle when the
injector motor is running and the arterial
tubing is clamped off:

Potential pressure
Differential pressure
Pressure
Actual pressure
Recommended pressure

Potential pressure

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Between potential and actual:

Potential pressure
Differential pressure
Pressure
Actual pressure
Recommended pressure

Differential pressure

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Tube open and fluid running:

Potential pressure
Differential pressure
Pressure
Actual pressure
Recommended pressure

Actual pressure

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The action of a force against an opposing
force:

Potential pressure
Differential pressure
Pressure
Actual pressure
Recommended pressure

Pressure

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Whatever pressure is necessary to
overcome an opposing force:

Potential pressure
Differential pressure
Pressure
Actual pressure
Recommended pressure

Recommended pressure

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Towards the back of the body:

A) posterior
B) distal
C) ventral
D) proximal

A) posterior

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Which of the following is NOT an expert test for death:

A) Injection of various dyes into the body to test for circulation
B) Stethoscope
C) Ligature test
D) Opthalmoscope
E) Electronic life detection device (EKG)

C) Ligature test

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Injection and drainage from one location:

Restricted cervical
Regional
Multi-point injection
Split injection
One point injection

One point injection

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Two or more complete injection sites:

Restricted cervical
Regional
Multi-point injection
Split injection
One point injection

Multi-point injection

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Raising both common carotids:

Restricted cervical
Regional
Multi-point injection
Split injection
One point injection

Restricted cervical

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Injection and drainage from separate:

Restricted cervical
Regional
Multi-point injection
Split injection
One point injection

Split injection

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Injection of an individual area:

Restricted cervical
Regional
Multi-point injection
Split injection
One point injection

Regional

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The passage of arterial solution from the capillaries into the intercellular spaces is which of the following processes:

A) osmosis
B) diffusion
C) dialysis
D) distribution

B) diffusion

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The place of incision for the radial artery is:

A) just lateral to the biceps brachii muscle
B) just lateral to the psoas major muscle
C) just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle
D) just medial to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnarius muscle
E) the superior border of the axilla

C) just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle

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The rise in temperature of a deceased person due to continued cellular oxidation is called?

A) postmortem caloricity
B) postmortem hemolysis
C) algor mortis
D) postmortem stain
E) postmortem hypostasis

A) postmortem caloricity

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If the procedure calls for a liquid sealer in the back of the eye socket, the embalmer is dealing with a:

A) orbital prognathism
B) enucleated eye
C) sunken eye
D) distended eye

B) enucleated eye

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The typical post-mortem blood clot is correctly referred to as which of the following:

A) chicken fat clot
B) current jelly clot
C) strawberry clot
D) fibrin clot

A) chicken fat clot

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A method of generating pressure for the injection of arterial fluid into a dead human body is the use of:

A) hydroaspiration
B) electric aspirator
C) needle injector
D) mechanical pump

D) mechanical pump

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What pathological condition would predispose a body to fluid distribution problems?

A) melanoma
B) herpes
C) phlebitis
D) necrobiosis
E) keratitis

C) phlebitis

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An instrument used to clamp blood vessels is a:

A) scalpel
B) hemostat
C) groove director
D) bistoury
E) drain tube

B) hemostat

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Self-destruction of cells:

Putrefaction
Autolysis
Decay
Proteolysis
Saccharolysis

Autolysis

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Decomposition of proteins: ``` Putrefaction Autolysis Decay Proteolysis Saccharolysis ```

Proteolysis

Sugar decomposition: ``` Putrefaction Autolysis Decay Proteolysis Saccharolysis ```

Saccharolysis

Decomposition of proteins by enzymes of anaerobic bacteria: ``` Putrefaction Autolysis Decay Proteolysis Saccharolysis ```

Putrefaction

Decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria: ``` Putrefaction Autolysis Decay Proteolysis Saccharolysis ```

Decay

The line of closure of the eye is on the: A) lower quarter of the eye socket B) upper third of the eye socket C) upper two-thirds of the eye socket D) lower one-third of the eye socket

D) lower one-third of the eye socket

Injection of arterial fluid while maintaining an open drain tube is: A) intermittent B) alternate C) discontinuous D) continuous

D) continuous

The death of the whole organism is called: ``` A) asphyxia B) syncope C) somatic death D) coma E) necrosis ```

C) somatic death

When preparing the primary dilution for an edematous case, the solution which is prepared should be which of the following: ``` A) isotonic B) milder than usual C) same strength as for a normal case D) hypotonic E) more astringent than usual ```

E) more astringent than usual

Which of the following IS an extrinsic factor in regards to an embalming analysis: ``` A) Atmospheric conditions B) Cause and manner of death C) Medications and drugs present at death D) Body conditions E) Nitrogenous waste products ```

A) Atmospheric conditions

A condition in which the signs of life are feebly maintained is: ``` A) death rattle B) death grip C) cadaveric spasm D) death struggle E) apparent death ```

E) apparent death

The attempted destruction of most autolytic and bacterial enzymes present in the body, and which have protein, carbohydrate and lipid splitting abilides, is considered to be the action of, or purpose of: A) sanitation B) preservation C) restoration D) disinfection

D) disinfection

Disinfection which occurs after the embalming procedure is called: A) concurrent B) primary C) terminal D) preliminary

C) terminal

When considering the various color changes which are involved with decomposition, the initial color which is generally seen is: ``` A) yellow-green B) black C) red D) blue-black E) red-white-blue ```

A) yellow-green

Which of the following is NOT an inexpert test for death: A) Ammonia injection test B) Injection of various dyes into the body to test for circulation C) Feeling for the pulse at the radial artery D) Placing the ear over the thoracic cavity to listen for heart or lung sounds E) Ligating a finger

B) Injection of various dyes into the body to test for circulation

Purge that is liquid, has a foul odor, and resembles coffee grounds is: ``` A) liver purge B) brain purge C) fluid purge D) stomach purge E) lung purge ```

D) stomach purge

The three basic media involved with Casper's Law are under the pressure of earth, water, and: A) age B) air C) bacteria D) temperature

B) air

Which of the following forms of somatic death involves death beginning at the brain, and is also referred to as an insensibility which terminates in death: A) apnea B) syncope C) neurasthenia D) coma

D) coma

A petechia is classified as what type of discoloration: A) antemortem intravascular B) postmortem extravascular C) antemortem extravascular D) postmortem intravascular

C) antemortem extravascular

After death has occurred, most blood is found in: A) all of the above B) capillaries C) veins D) arteries

B) capillaries

Factors governing decomposition such as air, environmental temperature and moisture in the atmosphere are known as: A) fixed factors of embalming B) intrinsic factors C) complementary factors D) extrinsic factors

D) extrinsic factors

Stiffening of the muscles: ``` Lipolysis Rigor Mortis Livor mortis Algor Mortis Post mortem caloricity ```

Rigor Mortis

Cooling of the body to its surrounding environment: ``` Lipolysis Rigor Mortis Livor mortis Algor Mortis Post mortem caloricity ```

Algor Mortis

Decomposition of fats: ``` Lipolysis Rigor Mortis Livor mortis Algor Mortis Post mortem caloricity ```

Lipolysis

Rise in body temperature after death: ``` Lipolysis Rigor Mortis Livor mortis Algor Mortis Post mortem caloricity ```

Post mortem caloricity

Reddish blue discoloration - post mortem stain: ``` Lipolysis Rigor Mortis Livor mortis Algor Mortis Post mortem caloricity ```

Livor mortis

A condition that speeds the onset of algor mortis is: ``` A) death from a febrile disease B) high environmental temperature C) obesity D) clothing E) low environmental temperature ```

E) low environmental temperature

What is the normal pH of the living body? ``` A) 14.0 B) 7.4 C) 6.0 D) 8.0 E) 6.7 ```

B) 7.4

An extrinsic variable factor in embalming is: ``` A) gender B) autolysis C) a fever D) a time lapse between death and embalming E) body weight ```

D) a time lapse between death and embalming

When a dead person's finger is ligated as a test for death, there will be: A) an appearance of stain B) venous congestion C) a change in color D) pulsation

B) venous congestion

The process of treating the body chemically so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition is: ``` A) preservation B) restoration C) disinfection D) mortuary science E) sanitation ```

A) preservation

For dead human bodies exhibiting early decomposition, in most cases the embalmer should employ: ``` A) indirect drainage only B) limited drainage only C) multipoint injection D) no hypodermic E) no drainage ```

C) multipoint injection

Massage cream is placed on the inside of the eyelid to hold them in place and to: A) reduce swelling B) prevent overlapping C) prevent dehydration D) prevent swelling

C) prevent dehydration

That process of decomposition of protein due to the specific action of an anaerobic bacteria is referred to as: A) decay B) putrefaction C) lipolysis D) fermentation

B) putrefaction

The abdominal aorta continues as: A) subclavian artery B) arch of the aorta C) iliac arteries D) femoral arteries

C) iliac arteries

A device which uses water pressure to produce a vacuum for aspiration of the visceral cavities is a: ``` A) hemostat B) hydroaspirator C) trocar D) bulb syringe E) cannula ```

B) hydroaspirator

Inactive dyes are used in arterial solutions to: ``` A) change the odor of the fluid B) impart color to the solution C) disinfect the tissue D) restore color to the skin E) preserve the tissue ```

B) impart color to the solution

When suturing the mouth closed, the superior anchoring is the: ``` A) cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone B) base of the tongue C) palatine bone D) maxilla bone E) septum of the nose ```

E) septum of the nose

Continuous drainage during injection is called: ``` A) drainage at intervals B) intermittent C) interrupted D) concurrent E) alternate ```

D) concurrent

The settling of the blood to dependent portions of the body is called: A) imbibition B) hypostasis C) cadaveric lividity D) liver mortis

B) hypostasis

Formaldehyde was discovered by: A) Hunter B) Gannal C) Holmes D) Butlerov

D) Butlerov

An embalming solution may be handicapped if it is used during the peak of rigor mortis because of which of the following reasons: A) embalming solutions are unaffected by rigor mortis B) the pH of the tissues is too alkaline at that point C) the rigidity of the muscles do not allow the entrance of the solution D) the muscles are too soft

C) the rigidity of the muscles do not allow the entrance of the solution

Speaking in general terms, the earliest visible external sign of the presence of decomposition is a green discoloration over which quadrant of the abdomen: A) lower right B) lower left C) upper left D) upper right

A) lower right

A temporary condition of apparent death, in which there is a definite interruption in respiration, as well as a loss of consciousness is referred to as which of the following: A) syncope B) catalepsy C) suspended animation D) instantaneous rigor

C) suspended animation

The absence of metabolism and a total lack of response to stimuli is: ``` A) catelepsy B) catatonia C) suspended animation D) somatic death E) a coma ```

A) catelepsy

If the embalmer directs the trocar point toward the intersection of the 5th intercostal space and the left mid-axillary line, she is preparing to aspirate which organ? ``` A) liver B) lungs C) heart D) stomach E) urinary bladder ```

D) stomach

Which of the following areas in the preparation room is often carelessly overlooked in the terminal disinfection process: A) the embalmers hands B) the base of the preparation table C) the cabinets D) the preparation table

B) the base of the preparation table

Which artery must be clamped off while injecting the cranially autopsied head via the common carotid artery: ``` A) internal carotid artery B) vertebral artery C) ophthalmic artery D) facial artery E) basilar artery ```

A) internal carotid artery

More water can be removed from tissue with: ``` A) antidehydrants B) hypotonic solutions C) isotonic solutions D) surfactants E) hypertonic solutions ```

E) hypertonic solutions

The general breakdown of all body compounds, into their basic components, is referred to as which of the following: A) autolysis B) decomposition C) saccharolysis D) decay

B) decomposition

When raising the internal jugular vein, the embalmer would expect the common carotid artery to be: ``` A) lateral and medial B) medial and superficial C) lateral and deep D) lateral and superficial E) medial and deep ```

E) medial and deep

Which of the following postmortem changes is a chemical change: ``` A) hypostasis B) liver mortis C) dehydration D) decomposition E) algor mortis ```

D) decomposition

The amount of formaldehyde gas, measured in grams, dissolved in 100 ml. of water is called: A) modifier B) index C) humectant D) solution

B) index

That method of injection and drainage in which injection is continued and drainage is taken at intervals is which of the following methods: A) continuous B) interrupted C) alternate D) intermittent

D) intermittent

Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic factor to be considered in a case analysis: A) tissue moisture B) pathological conditions C) atmospheric conditions D) bacterial influences within the body

C) atmospheric conditions

The procedure of disinfection which is performed prior to the embalming process is referred to as: ``` A) concurrent disinfection B) tertiary disinfection C) optimum disinfection D) primary disinfection E) terminal disinfection ```

D) primary disinfection

The passage of arterial solution through the capillary wall caused by positive intravascular pressure is which of the following processes: ``` A) diffusion B) distribution C) pressure filtration D) dialysis E) osmosis ```

C) pressure filtration

Which of the following is an extrinsic factor to be considered in embalming a dead human body: A) atmospheric conditions B) fever C) pathological conditions D) body moisture

A) atmospheric conditions

That artist who was believed to have injected the arterial system, in an attempt to preserve the tissues long enough to dissect and study them, was: A) Alexander Butlerov B) Leonardo DaVinci C) Marchello Malphigi D) Gabriel Clauderus

B) Leonardo DaVinci

The proper type of solution for embalming a dehydrated body would be: A) small volume of a mild solution B) large volume of a concentrated solution C) large volume of a mild solution D) small volume of a concentrated solution

C) large volume of a mild solution

A device employed for the expansion of the lumen of veins in order to make possible the insertion of the drainage tube is a: ``` A) thread passer B) bone separator C) groove director D) cavity injector E) cannula ```

C) groove director

Rigor mortis A) never develops in a body dying from a febrile disease B) is removed by normal arterial embalming C) is reduced by flexing and extending D) is a synonym for postmortem caloricity E) may result in a warming of the body in certain situations

C) is reduced by flexing and extending

The physical evacuation of various foreign materials from any body orifice, due to a variety of pressures, is commonly referred to as which of the following: ``` A) odor B) purge C) aspiration D) putrefaction E) escape ```

B) purge

Which color of decomposition appears first: A) black B) green C) greenish-black D) light yellow

D) light yellow

Cherry-red staining is associated with: A) jaundice B) carbon monoxide poisoning C) strangulation D) hepatic failure

B) carbon monoxide poisoning

Of the following which is a method of stimulating drainage: ``` A) massage B) instruments C) pressure D) all of these E) none of these ```

D) all of these

When arteriosclerosis is present, the artery generally best suited for injection of the artery fluid would be the: ``` A) femoral B) radial C) common carotid D) popliteal E) axillary ```

C) common carotid

The most positive sign of death is: ``` A) clouding of the cornea B) cadaveric lividity C) generalized decomposition D) complete muscular relaxation E) cessation of respiration ```

C) generalized decomposition

Which of the following is not predisposed to clotting: ``` A) thrombosis B) carbon monoxide poisoning C) leukemia D) tuberculosis E) febrile disease ```

D) tuberculosis

The primary purpose of embalming is: A) sanitation B) identification C) preservation D) restoration

A) sanitation

The destruction or inhibition of most pathogenic bacteria and their products in or on the body is the definition of: A) disinfection B) preservation C) evisceration D) restoration

A) disinfection

The temporary rise in the body temperature, which may occur after death, is correctly referred to as which of the following: A) livor mortis B) post-mortem caloricity C) autolysis D) post-mortem hypostasis

B) post-mortem caloricity

The action of post-mortem stiffening of all voluntary muscles of the body is referred to specifically as: A) hypostasis B) rigor mortis C) algor mortis D) agonal fever

B) rigor mortis

How many ounces of 32 index fluid are needed to make 2 gallons of dilute solution having an index of 2%: ``` A) 18 B) 8 C) 12 D) 14 E) 16 ```

E) 16

That person who was involved in the historical development of embalming, promoted embalming for sanitary purposes, and also translated the textbook "History of Embalming" into English, was: A) Jean Gannal B) Richard Harlan C) Alexander Butlerov D) Thomas Holmes

B) Richard Harlan

The process through which most embalming chemicals are passed from the interstitial fluids through the cell wall into the cell. ``` Hypotonic Osmosis Hypertonic Isotonic Osmotic pressure ```

Osmosis

A solution having a lower concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared. ``` Hypotonic Osmosis Hypertonic Isotonic Osmotic pressure ```

Hypotonic

A solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute to that of a standard reference. ``` Hypotonic Osmosis Hypertonic Isotonic Osmotic pressure ```

Isotonic

A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared. ``` Hypotonic Osmosis Hypertonic Isotonic Osmotic pressure ```

Hypertonic

This makes it possible for the penetration of embalming solvents and solutes. ``` Hypotonic Osmosis Hypertonic Isotonic Osmotic pressure ```

Osmotic pressure

Which of the following would have to be considered in pre-embalming analysis: A) age B) sex C) cause of death D) all of the above

D) all of the above

A condition which results from the increase of fluid loss: ``` A) None of the above B) Degeneration C) Desquamation D) Dehydration E) Decomposition ```

D) Dehydration

That mode of death which originates with the failure of one of the vital organs of the human is referred to as: A) necrobiosis B) somatic death C) cellular death D) necrosis

B) somatic death

That method of injection and drainage in which an amount of arterial fluid is injected and then drainage allowed to flow for a period of time, each one separately, is which of the following methods: A) interrupted B) intermittent C) continuous D) alternate

D) alternate

A decrease in recorded body temperature during the interval just prior to somatic death is called: ``` A) agonal algor B) instantaneous rigor C) algor mortis D) rigor mortis E) fever ```

A) agonal algor

When using the gravity method of obtaining pressure for injection arterial fluid, the embalmer can expect to receive approximately how many pounds of pressure per foot of elevation about the point of injection: A) 1/4 B) 1/2 C) 1.0 D) 2.0

B) 1/2

That mode of death which originates specifically with the heart is termed as: A) apnea B) syncope C) coma D) asphyxia

B) syncope

The movement of embalming solutions from the point of injection throughout the arterial, capillary and venous portions of the blood vascular system is known as: ``` A) fluid diffusion B) fluid distribution C) osmosis D) dialysis E) pressure filtration ```

B) fluid distribution

Postmortem staining is an extravascular change in the color of tissue due to: ``` A) lipolysis B) hemolysis C) saponification D) autolysis E) hypostasis ```

B) hemolysis

Aspiration of the cranial cavity is indicated in cases of: ``` A) hemothorax B) hydrocele C) hemoperitoneum D) hydrocephalus E) hydrothorax ```

D) hydrocephalus

The cherry-red color that is caused by carbon monoxide poisoning is classified as what type of discoloration: A) postmortem intravascular B) antemortem intravascular C) antemortem extravascular D) postmortem extravascular

B) antemortem intravascular

Casper's Law is the ratio of the rate of: A) proteolysis B) caloricity C) putrefaction D) decomposition

D) decomposition

Father of embalming ``` Holmes Butlerov Ruysch Gannal Malpighi ```

Ruysch

Wrote the embalming text "History of Embalming" ``` Holmes Butlerov Ruysch Gannal Malpighi ```

Gannal

Discovered capillary circulation ``` Holmes Butlerov Ruysch Gannal Malpighi ```

Malpighi

Discovered formaldehyde ``` Holmes Butlerov Ruysch Gannal Malpighi ```

Butlerov

Father of American embalming ``` Holmes Butlerov Ruysch Gannal Malpighi ```

Holmes

A device that is inserted into the artery for introducing arterial fluid is called: ``` A) aneurysm needle B) needle injector C) gooseneck D) director E) cannula ```

E) cannula

The post-mortem action of swelling and softening of tissues and organs, as a direct result of moisture absorption by the surroundings, refers specifically to which of the following: A) dehydration B) emaciation C) imbibition D) autolysis

C) imbibition

This instrument could be used in place of a drain tube: A) spring forceps B) hemostat C) trocar D) needle injector

A) spring forceps

Decrease in recorded body temperature ``` Algonal algor Agonal edema Congealing Antemortem Agonal fever ```

Algonal algor

Coagulation ``` Algonal algor Agonal edema Congealing Antemortem Agonal fever ```

Congealing

Escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extra vascular location ``` Algonal algor Agonal edema Congealing Antemortem Agonal fever ```

Agonal edema

Increase in recorded body temperature ``` Algonal algor Agonal edema Congealing Antemortem Agonal fever ```

Agonal fever

Those changes occurring in the interval prior to somatic death ``` Algonal algor Agonal edema Congealing Antemortem Agonal fever ```

Antemortem

Comprehensive Exam Flashcards

(128 cards)