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Pharmacology > Comprehensive Final > Flashcards

Comprehensive Final Flashcards

1
Q

What are adverse reactions of Pyridostigmine?

A

Bradycardia

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2
Q

What is the generic name for Ritalin?

A

Methylphenidate

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3
Q

What can high protein drugs lead to?

A

some type of toxicity

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4
Q

What are some adverse reactions of epinephrine?

A

Palpitation, hypertension, tachycardia

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5
Q

What adverse reactions are associated with gentamicin sulfate?

A

Oliguria, urticaria, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, liver damage , thrombocytopenia

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6
Q

Ibuprofen adverse reactions include:

A

GI bleeding, nephrotoxicity

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7
Q

When is metronidazole used as a prophylactic?

A

perioperative

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8
Q

Define duration of action

A

the length of time the drug has a pharmacologic effect.

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9
Q

When should you assess pain level and location when administering morphine sulfate?

A

Before and after

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10
Q

What is Rivastigmine used for?

A

Help improve memory loss

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11
Q

How do you assess pain on a patient?

A

Ask the patient to rate their pain on a scale of 0-10

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12
Q

What is the preferred drug to treat ADHD?

A

Ritalin

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13
Q

Salicylate: Aspirin is used for?

A

Pain and inflammatory symptoms, decrease temperature, inhibit platelet aggregation

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14
Q

What angle is an IM injection given?

A

90 degrees

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15
Q

What vitals should be monitored for a patient who is on a medication for conscious sedation?

A

Blood pressure and respiratory rate

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16
Q

What are adverse reactions for Ritalin?

A

Tachycardia, growth suppression, palpitations, hepatotoxicity, thrombocytopenia

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17
Q

What are the adverse reactions associated with fluoxetine?

A

Seizures, hyponatremia, dehydration, osteopenia, suicical ideation

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18
Q

What drug class is Albuterol?

A

beta2-adrenergic agonsit

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19
Q

Rivastigmine side effects?

A

Peripheral edema, dry mouth, restless leg syndrome, nystagmus

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20
Q

What are some adverse reactions for Albuterol?

A

Palpitations, tachycardia, hallucinations, Stephens-Johnson, hyperglycemia, hypertension

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21
Q

What is Albuterol used for?

A

Asthma attack or brochospasms

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22
Q

Define onset of action

A

the time the drug takes for the minimum effective concentration (MEC) after the drug is administered.

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23
Q

What is the brand name for Celecoxib?

A

Celebrex

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24
Q

What happens when a patient is taking celebrex with an ACE inhibitor?

A

the effect of the ace inhibitor is decreased

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25
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of NMS

A

Muscle rigidity, sudden high fever, altered mental status, blood pressure fluctuations, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, seizures, rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure, respiratory failure, coma.

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26
Q

What are two trade names for Albuterol?

A

Proventil and Ventolin

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27
Q

What are some side effects to Albuterol?

A

dizziness, tremor, nasal congestion, blurred vision, sweating, headache

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28
Q

What is the brand name for Phenytoin?

A

Dilantin

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29
Q

What is Pyridostigmine used for?

A

muscle strength in patients who have myasthenia gravis

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30
Q

What is fluoxetine used for?

A

Treat depression

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31
Q

What are the medication rights?

A

Medcation, documentation, route, time, patient, dosage

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32
Q

What drug class is gentamicin sulfate?

A

antibacterial–aminoglycosides

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33
Q

What vitals should be monitored for a patient on Albuterol?

A

Lung sounds, heart rate, and blood pressure.

** important to assess before and after!

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34
Q

What are adverse reactions of alprazolam?

A

Depression, impaired coordination

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35
Q

True/False: Versed (midazolam) is used in pre-op.

A

TRUE!

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36
Q

What is the brand name for pyridostigmine?

A

Mestinon

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37
Q

What drug class is Phenytoin?

A

Anticonvulsant: hydantoin

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38
Q

What are side effects of alprazolam?

A

Lethargy, constipation, memory impairment, blurred vision, increased appetite.

39
Q

What are adverse reactions for phenytoin

A

gingival hyperplasia (bleeding is associated so thrombocytopenia is also possible)

40
Q

True/False: Geriatrics- The elderly people are more sensitive to drugs.

A

TRUE!

41
Q

What are characteristics of Akathisia

A

Restless
Paces the floor
Feet in constant motion

42
Q

What type of anti-inflammatory is ibuprofen?

A

1st generation NSAID

43
Q

What are side effects of Ritalin?

A

anorexia, euphoria, blurred vision, anemia

44
Q

What are Adrenergic blockers used for?

A

MI’s, tachycardia, High blood pressure and prevent MI’s

45
Q

What drink decreases alprazolam effects?

A

Green tea

46
Q

What is the process for administering eye drops?

A

Always wash hands first. Gently press tear duct. Wait 1-2 minutes in between administering two different medications. Keep eye closed to help with absorption.

47
Q

What vitals need to be monitored while a patient is taking morphine sulfate?

A

Respiratory rate and pain level

48
Q

True/False: Propofol is the only drug used for conscious sedation.

A

FALSE!

49
Q

Isoniazid adverse reaction:

A

hepatotoxicity (important to watch liver enzymes)

50
Q

What age group should be considered before administering gentamicin sulfate?

A

elderlys

51
Q

What is the brand name for metronidazole?

A

Flagyl

52
Q

Ibuprofen is contraindicated in what type of patients?

A

Renal or hepativ disease, peptic ulcers, bleeding disorders

53
Q

Rivastigmine adverse reactions?

A

Seizures, orthostatic hypotension, catartacts, MI, heart failure

54
Q

What actions must be taken if the nurse administers the wrong medication?

A

Report it to the charge nurse
Call the doctor
Assess the patient

55
Q

Salicylate: Aspirin is what type of anti-inflammatory?

A

1st generation NSAID

56
Q

What is nephrotoxicity

A

Damage to kidneys

57
Q

What labs are monitored with patients on gentamicin sulfate?

A

I’s and O’s, BUN, creatinine

58
Q

What are characteristics of acute dystonia

A

Facial grimacing
Involuntary upward eye movement
Muscle spasms of the tongue, face, neck and back
Laryngeal spasms

59
Q

What type of drug is pilocarpine (Pilocar)

A

Cholinergic

60
Q

What is Ibuprofen therapeutic response?

A

Decrease in pain, and in swollen joints and an increase in mobility

61
Q

What is pilocarpine (Pilocar) used for?

A

Glaucoma – constrics –> squeezes –> drains!

62
Q

What is the brand name for fluoxetine?

A

Prozac

63
Q

What are some side effects to epinephrine?

A

Tremors, anorexia

64
Q

What are side effects associated with Phenytoin?

A

pink-red brown urine, slurred speech, confusion, dizziness

65
Q

When a patient is taking Pyridostigmine , what must you assess the patient for?

A

Difficulty breathing and difficulty swallowing

66
Q

True/False: You must take erythromycin on an empty stomach.

A

FALSE

67
Q

Can patients with renal disease be given gentamicin sulfate?

A

be cautious!

68
Q

What are brand names of ibuprofen?

A

motrin, advil

69
Q

What is phenytoin used for?

A

to treat seizures!

70
Q

What is important to remember with patients taking bactrim?

A

Avoid sunlight as much as possible but when in the sunlight be sure to wear sunscreen!

71
Q

What drug class is Rivastigmine?

A

Anticholinergic

72
Q

True/False: Rivastigmine PO: Food decreases absorption rate.

A

TRUE!

73
Q

What lab values need to be monitored for Isoniazid?

A

Liver enzymes

74
Q

What lab values are associated with nephrotoxicity?

A

BUN and creatiine

75
Q

What do you need to educate the patient on when they are taking an anti-cholinergic?

A

Drink plenty of water, rise slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension, be aware of dry mouth. Avoid sunlight and avoid alcohol. Stay hydrated!

76
Q

What are characteristics of tardive dyskinesia

A 
Protrusion and rolling of the tongue
Sucking and smacking lips
Chewing motion
Facial dyskinesia
Involuntary movement
77
Q

What is the antidote for morphine sulfate?

A

Narcan

78
Q

What is erythromycin?

A

antibacterial–macrolides

79
Q

What are the four type of extrapyramidal syndrome?

A

pseudoparkinsonism, acute dystonia, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia

80
Q

What is epinephrine used for?

A

Stimulate HR & blood pressure, allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) and #1 drug for cardiac arrest

81
Q

What type of antidepressant is Fluoxetine?

A

SSRI

82
Q

What food increases alprazolam levels ?

A

grapfruit

83
Q

Rivastigmine is contraindicated in what type of patients?

A

Liver and kidney disease

84
Q

What is alprazolam used as?

A

anti-anxiety

85
Q

What is Isoniazid used for?

A

treat tuberculosis and a prophylactic measure against tuberculosis

86
Q

What are some different Adrenergenic blockers?

A

Atenolol, Propranolol, and Metoprolol

87
Q

What is the brand name for alprazolam

A

Xanax

88
Q

What are characteristics of pseudoparkinsonism

A 
stooped posture
shuffling gait
rigidity
bradykinesia
tremors
pill-rolling motion of the hand
89
Q

What other drug class is used for conscious sedation?

A

Benzos!

90
Q

What is a side effect of metronidazole?

A

dark orangish rusty looking urine.

91
Q

What angle is a sub Q injection given?

A

45 degree angle OR 90 degrees if the patient is obese

92
Q

Ibuprofen side effects include:

A

purpura, tinnitus, light headedness, fluid rention with edema

93
Q

Define peak action

A

when the drug reaches its highest blood or plasma concentration

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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