Comprehensive Final Study Cards Flashcards

Question

Nursing Theory

Answer 1

Nursing Theory Nursing theory is defined as a conceptualization of some aspect of reality (invented or discovered) that pertains to nursing. The conceptualization is articulated and communicated for the purpose of describing, explaining, predicting, or prescribing nursing care, as well as for defining the outcomes of nursing care

Answer 2

Science A unified body of knowledge about phenomena that is supported by agreed-on evidence.

Answer 3

Empirical Indicator An actual instrument, experimental condition, or procedure used to observe or measure a middle-range theory concept Collects data

Answer 4

Descriptive Theories Describe relationships between phenomena, describe nurses’ and patients’ relationships, and describe guidelines for interventions

Answer 5

Prescriptive Theories Address nursing therapeutics and the outcomes of interventions Includes propositions that call for change and predict the consequences of a certain strategy for a nursing intervention.

Answer 6

Concept Word or phrase that summarizes a phenomenon, such as an idea, an observation, or an experience. Each concept is a tool that provides a mental image that facilitates communication about and understanding of the phenomenon.

Answer 7

Proposition Statement about a concept or a statement of the relation between two or more concepts.

Answer 8

Concept Model Set of relatively abstract and general concepts that address the phenomena of central interest to a discipline, and the propositions that broadly describe those concepts.

Answer 9

Phenomenology Describes the common meaning for several individuals of their lived experiences of a concept or a phenomenon.

Answer 10

Ethnography Describes and interprets the shared and learned patterns of values, behaviors, beliefs, and language of a culture-sharing group.

Answer 11

Case Study Involves the study of a case (or cases) within a real-life, contemporary context or setting.

Answer 12

Case Study Spoken or written text giving an account of an event/action or series of events/actions, chronologically connected.

Answer 13

Grounded Theory Approach for generating theory that is grounded in and systematically derived from data Derived inductively and directly from data yields a rich theoretical understanding that is of practical application

Answer 14

Implicit Implied, not plainly expressed, something that is suggested and not clearly said

Answer 15

Stated clearly, leaves no room for confusion or doubt

Answer 16

“Taking charge of the personal health” of individuals and to “put” the individual in the best possible state and “allow nature to act upon him

Answer 17

The learner's awareness and knowledge of their own learning processes as well as their abilities and tendencies to control those processes during learning Thinking about one's learning

Answer 18

Workforce Leadership Education Well-being Emergency Preparedness & Response

Answer 19

Education Employment Health systems and services Housing Income & wealth Physical environment Public safety Social environment Transportation

Answer 20

Refers to an individual's belief in his or her capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments. Reflects confidence in the ability to exert control over one's own motivation, behavior, and social environment.

Answer 21

The variable that will be measured Responding variable (response to what is being manipulated)

Answer 22

The variable that will be tested (this variable will be altered or changed) Manipulated variable

Answer 23

Most commonly used descriptor of middle scores in a distribution Commonly thought of as the average

Answer 24

The value in a set of data in which 50% of the data fall below and 50% fall above The middle score in a range of data

Answer 25

The most commonly occurring score in a set of data No formula No have multiple modes (bimodal, trimodal, etc.)

Answer 26

Measurement that indicates the average deviation of variation of all the values in a set of values from the mean value of those data

Answer 27

The degree of consistency with which an instrument measures the attributes it is supposed to be measuring Refers to the consistency of the scores

Answer 28

Refers to the extent to which the same results are obtained on repeated administrations of the instrument

Answer 29

An instrument in which all its parts measure the same characteristic. Describes the extent to which all the items in a test measure the same concept or construct, hence it is connected to the inter-relatedness of the items within the test

Answer 30

Provides a measure of internal consistency of a test or scale (Likert scale) Measures the homogeneity of the tool Only good if one construct is being measured Sensitive to the number of items on the test and the number of people taking the test Clinical applications values of 0.90 – 0.95 are needed

Answer 31

Used for dichotomous scoring with different ranges of difficulty MCQ, short answer, and fill in the blank type questions Higher the score = more reliable (0.7 and higher is acceptable)

Answer 32

Refers to the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to be measuring Are we really measuring the attribute we think we are measuring?

Answer 33

Refers to whether the instrument looks as though it is measuring the appropriate construct Should not be primary evidence for the quality of an instrument

Answer 34

Concerned with the sampling adequacy of items for the construct that is being measured Does the test provide an accurate estimate of the test takers mastery of the specified content domain Based on judgement (panel of experts)

Answer 35

Does the test accurately reflect the dimensions underlying the construct measured by the test Based on an integration of evidence collected using a variety of research strategies

Answer 36

Emphasis is on establishing a relationship between the instrument and some other criterion Is the instrument a useful predictor of subsequent behaviors, experiences, or conditions Example: A measure of birth control use among sexually active teenage girls correlates highly with subsequent premarital pregnancies, then the birth control method could be valid

Answer 37

Refers to the extent to which it is possible to make an inference that the independent variable is truly influencing the dependent variable and that the relationship is not by chance Researchers must contend with competing explanations, referred to as threats to internal validity \*\*Most important (compared to external validity) - because if you don’t have confidence that the study you conducted is accurate and measures what you are saying it does there is then no need to even think about generalizing it to the population.

Answer 38

Refers to the generalizability of the research findings to other settings or samples Researchers should ask themselves, to what populations, environments, and conditions can the results of the study of applied?

Answer 39

History Selection Maturation Testing Instrumentation Mortality Think: M. SMITH

Answer 40

Investigates the extent to which differences in one characteristic or variable are related to differences in one or more other characteristics or variables The level of measurement of variables must be ordinal, interval, or ratio

Answer 41

Assessment Diagnosis Outcomes & Planning Intervention Evaluation

Answer 42

Ontology (the nature of reality) Epistemology (knowledge of reality) Axiology (role of values) Methodology (research strategies)

Answer 43

Research design in which you do not manipulate the independent variable Examples include: correlational and descriptive research \*Most nursing research is nonexperimental

Answer 44

The knowledge of being included in a study may be sufficient to cause people to change their behavior, thereby obscuring the effect of the variable of interest Alteration of behavior by the subjects of a study due to their awareness of being observed This is a reason for double-blind experiments, in which neither the subjects nor those who administer the treatment know who is in the experimental or control group

Answer 45

A true experiment in a scientific study that has the following properties: Manipulation (of variables – independent) Control Randomization Example: Pretest vs. posttest design

Answer 46

The experimenter introduces one or more controls over the experimental situation, including the use of a control group. A Control group refers to a group of subjects whose performance on the dependent variable is used as a basis for evaluating the performance of the experimental group (independent variable)

Answer 47

Similar to experimental research with manipulation of the independent variable, but lack randomization and are assigned to groups

Comprehensive Final Study Cards Flashcards

(71 cards)