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04. GI > Comprehensive Pharm (Segars) > Flashcards

Comprehensive Pharm (Segars) Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

Indications antacid salts

A

short term temporary relief of pain and other symptoms associated with PUD/GERD

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2
Q

Adverse reactions antacids

A

do not decrease acid secretion and can have rebound

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3
Q

instructions for taking antacids with other medications

A

take all antacids 1-2 hours before other meds or 2-4 hours after to avoid interactions

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4
Q

class Cimetidine

A

histamine 2 receptor anatgonist

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5
Q

interactions cimetidine

A

prototypical inhibitor of CYP450

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6
Q

class omeprazole

A

proton pump inhibitor

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7
Q

adverse reaction omeprazole

A

CDAD –> C. Diff associated diarrhea

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8
Q

interactions omeprazole

A

prototype CYP inhibitor

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9
Q

bismuth adverse reactions

A

causes constipation and black stools

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10
Q

treat H. pylori

A
  • combination therapy
    1) acid reducer
    2) clarithromycin
    3) amoxicillin or metronidazole
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11
Q

Treat H. pylori with PCN allergy (amoxicillin allergy)

A

1) acid reducer
2) clarithromycin
3) metronidazole

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12
Q

treat H. pylori with metronidazole resistance

A

1) acid reducer
2) clarithromycin
3) tetracycline

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13
Q

treat H. pylori with clarithromycin resistance

A

1) acid reducer

2) amoxicillin or tetracycline

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14
Q

Adverse reactions associated with Serotonin (5HT3) antagonists

A
  • serotonin syndrome

- Torsades – QT prolongation

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15
Q

interactions Serotonin (5HT3) antagonists

A

anti arrhythmics

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16
Q

given for prophylaxis of post-op N/V and timing

A

aprepitant (given 3 hours prior)

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17
Q

suffix serotonin antagonists

A

-setron

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18
Q

class aprepitant

A

neurokinin antagonist

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19
Q

First line N/V in pregnancy

A

doxylamine with vitamin B6

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20
Q

class doxylamine

A

Histamine (H1) antagonist

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21
Q

adverse reactions histamine (H1) antagonists

A

ANTICHOLINERGIC EFFECTS

  • drowsiness
  • dry mouth
  • constipation
  • urinary retention
  • blurred vision
  • lower BP
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22
Q

dopamine (D2) antagonist adverse reactions

A

ANTICHOLINERGIC EFFECTS

  • drowsiness
  • dry mouth
  • constipation
  • urinary retention
  • blurred vision
  • lower BP
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23
Q

class metoclopramide

A

dopamine (D2) antagonist

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24
Q

indication metoclopramide

A

gastroparesis/intestinal dysmotility w/o obstruction

*works by stimulating ACh

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25
scopalamine adverse effects
ANTICHOLINERGIC EFFECTS - drowsiness - dry mouth - constipation - urinary retention - blurred vision - lower BP
26
scopalamine class
M1 antagonist
27
cannabinoid agonists
- dronabinol | - nabilone
28
Use cannabinoid agonists
reserved for treatment resistance cancer induced N/V
29
how long is high emetic CINV regimen given
given for 3 days post chemo
30
how long is moderate emetic CINV regimen given
given for 2 days post chemo
31
how long is low emetic CINV regimen given
given day of chemo
32
drugs high emetic CINV regimen
1) NK1 antagonist 2) 5HT3 serotonin antagonist 3) corticosteroid
33
drugs moderate emetic CINV regimen
1) 5HT3 serotonin antagonist | 2) corticosteroid
34
drugs low emetic CINV regimen
corticosteroid or 5HT3 antagonist or metoclopramide or prochlorperazine
35
minimal emetic regimen
0 drugs, but provide breakthrough treatment
36
contraindications 5-ASA agents (end in -zine)
patients allergic to ASA
37
IBD drugs utilized as first line treatment, but not officially indicated
- steroids - immune modulators - antibiotics
38
class tofacitinib
JAK inhibitor
39
interactions tofacitinib
don't give with other immunosuppressants
40
class Golimumab
TNF-alpha inhibitors
41
Adverse reactions golimumab
TB infection (must have testing before taking)
42
When is Golimumab used?
Ulcerative colitis. Used after inadequate response to conventional immunosuppressants
43
class ustekinumab
IL-12/23 inhibitor
44
adverse reaction ustekinumab
TB infection (must have testing before taking)
45
Use of ustekinumab
Drug for crohn's disease. For patients intolerant to TNF-alpha steroids and immune modulators
46
class Certolizumab
TNF-alpha inhibitor
47
adverse reaction Certolizumab
TB infection (must have testing before taking)
48
use Certolizumab
Crohn's disease only. Used after inadequate response to conventional immunosuppressants
49
class Natalizumab
a4 integrin inhibitor
50
adverse reaction Natalizumab
infection (PML-progressive mulitfocal leukocephalopathy) associated with Johns cunningham virus (JCV)
51
site(s) inhibited by Natalizumab
both a4b1 and a4b7
52
use Natalizumab
Crohn's disease only. Used after inadequate response to TNF-alpha therapy
53
class Vedolizumab
a4 integrin inhibitor
54
adverse reaction Vedolizumab
infection (PML-progressive mulitfocal leukocephalopathy) associated with Johns cunningham virus (JCV)
55
site(s) inhibited by Vedolizumab
a4b7
56
Use Vedolizumab
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Used after inadequate response to TNF-alpha therapy
57
Are steroids used for maintenance therapy?
NO, unless absolutely required
58
class diphenoxylate
opiod agonist
59
Note: diphenoxylate
synthetic opiod with atropine added to reduce abuse
60
class Eluxadoline
opiod agonist
61
indication eluxadoline
IBS-D
62
adverse reaction Eluxadoline
hepatic/pancreatic toxicity | - pancreatitis in patients w/o gallbladder
63
Alosetron class
5HT3 antagonist
64
indication Alosetron
chronic severe IBS-D
65
Adverse reaction Alosetron
ischemic colitis (no refills, must enroll in prescribing program)
66
class Crofelemer
Cl channel inhibitor
67
indication crofelemer
non-infectious diarrhea in HIV-AIDS
68
drugs used for abdominal spasms
antimuscarinic agents: | hyoscyamine, dicyclomine, clindium/chlordiazeproxide
69
class lubiprostone
C2 activator
70
indication lubiprostone
opioid induced constipation
71
class methylnaltrexone
opiod antagonist
72
class alvimopan
opiod antagonist
73
indication methynaltrexone
opioid induced constipation
74
indication alvimopan
opioid induced constipation, prevention of post op ileus following bowel resection surgery
75
adverse effects alvimopan
risk of MI, REMS program with max 15 doses given in hospital only
76
how long do bulk-forming agents take to work?
2-4 days
77
class docusate salts, mineral oil
stool softeners
78
MOA docusate salts, mineral oil
anionic surfactant to soften stool by increasing secretions, inhibiting H20 absorption in GI
79
class sodium picosulfate
stimulant
80
Use sodium picosulfate
used precolonoscopy
81
adverse effects stimulants
urine discoloration (Senna), melanosis coli
82
Contraindications stimulants
do not use with obstruction/impaction (ileus)
83
class lactulose
osmotic agent
84
use lactulose
constipation and used with severe liver disease to trap ammonia
85
PEG-3350 class
osmotic agent
86
Use PEG-3350
constipation, AND large doses used for bowel prep prior to scope (take effect 1-3 hours)

04. GI (7 decks)

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