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CompTIA A+ 1201 > CompTIA A+ 1201 - 1.0 Operating Systems > Flashcards

CompTIA A+ 1201 - 1.0 Operating Systems Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

NOS

A

Network Operating System

Windows Server, Linux Server etc

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2
Q

Kernel

A

A core program that facilitates communication between the hardware and software in a computer, controlling and distributing hardware resources.

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3
Q

CLI

A

Command-Line Interface

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4
Q

GUI

A

Graphical User Interface

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5
Q

Shell

A

A computer program that allows for user input in the form of either CLI or GUI instructions.

                              Shell
                                  |
                             Kernel
                          |      |      |
                        CPU RAM SSD
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6
Q

Business Client

A

OS’s designed for use in an Enterprise/Business network.

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7
Q

Home Client

A

Standalone OS’s for home use or workgroups in a SOHO network.

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8
Q

OEM License

A

Original Equipment Manufacturer License

A license key for an OS that is valid only for the hardware on which it was purchased.

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9
Q

Retail License

A

A standalone license key for an OS that can be transferred to new PC’s but only “lit” once.

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10
Q

Windows 10 / 11 Editions

A

Home
Pro
Pro Workstation
Enterprise
Education

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11
Q

EOL Systems

A

End of Life Systems

Obsolete OS’s no longer supported / updated by the manufacturer.

Eg; Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7

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12
Q

Windows Editions with Domain Access enabled

A

Pro
Enterprise
Education

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13
Q

Volume Licensing

A

Bulk purchasing of Windows licenses for use in an Enterprise network, often with a discount due to volume

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14
Q

Windows Home Edition

A

Doesn’t support multi CPU functionality

Doesn’t provide Domain access, Bitlocker

Multicore (up to 64)

128Gb RAM total

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15
Q

Windows Pro/Education Edition

A

2 CPU utilization

Allows for Domain access & Bitlocker

2Tb RAM total

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16
Q

Windows Pro Workstation Edition

A

4 CPU utilization

Allows for Domain access & Bitlocker

6Tb RAM total

Can utilize the ReFS file system

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17
Q

ReFS

A

Resilient File System

Upgrade from NTFS, most modern file system available BUT cannot be used as a boot drive.

Automatic integrity checking and data scrubbing (no need for chkdsk)

Built-in handling of hard disk failure and redundancy, with integration of RAID functionality

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18
Q

UX Control

A

User Experience Control

Allows for customization at the user level, if wanted.

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19
Q

Microsoft N Editions

A

Doesn’t include Windows Media Player, Skype, or any of the pre-installed media apps

Stripped down Windows version without multi-media.

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20
Q

Feature Updates

A

Identified with a name and a number, these updates change the features for the current build of Windows (21H2, 22H2 etc….)

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21
Q

NTFS

A

New Technology File System

Journaling - When data is written to an NTFS volume, it is re-read, verified and logged

Dynamic Disks - The disk management feature allows space on multiple physical disks to be combined into volumes.

Snapshots - This allows the Volume Shadows Copy Service to make read-only copies of files at given points in time even if the file is locked by another process.

Security - Features such as file permissions and ownership, file access, audit trails, quota management and encrypting file system (EFS)

POSIX Compliance - Supports UNIX / Linux compatibility

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22
Q

FAT32

A

File Allocation Table

Legacy file system, pre late 90’s.

Can be used for compatibility between operating systems / devices.

Eg; A thumb drive that works both in MacOS and Windows, uses FAT32

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23
Q

exFAT

A

Extensible File Allocation Table

Updated version of FAT32 that supports larger drives & file size

Over 4Gb

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24
Q

POSIX

A

POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) is a set of standard operating system interfaces based on the Unix operating system

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25
Apple Operating Systems
Apple Mac OS OS X MacOS
26
Current supported versions of Apple OS's
10.15 (Catalina) 11 (Big Sur) 12 (Monterey)
27
Spotlight
Feature of an Apple operating system Finds files, apps, images etc... Analogous to Windows Search
28
Finder
Feature of an Apple operating system The central OS file manager Analogous to Windows Explorer
29
Remote Disk
Feature of an Apple operating system Allows for the network sharing of data from an optical drive, designed for copying files. Will not work with AV data.
30
Mission Control
Feature of an Apple operating system. Multiple desktop functionality, allows user to shrink the desktop and continue running apps
31
Keychain
Feature of an Apple operating system Password management for files etc
32
System Preferences
Apple equivalent to Control Panel
33
Terminal
Apple equivalent to Command Line Interface
34
Image Recovery
Feature of an Apple operating system Build disk images in Disk Utility Creates an Apple Disk Image file (.dmg)
35
Force Quit
Apple equivalent to Task Manager
36
Boot Camp
Allows for Windows OS to be installed on a Mac device. Builds a Boot Camp partition that allows for Dual-Boot
37
Disk Utility
Apple OS feature for disk and image management
38
Chrome OS
A proprietary Google manufactured operating system, for use in Chromebooks. Based on Linux. Designed to perform all tasks via the Internet and stores data in the cloud.
39
EXT
Extended File System A Linux file system with 4 iterations (EXT1, 2, 3, 4)
40
VFAT
Virtual File Allocation Table A file system introduced in Windows 95 that allows for the saving of documents with names longer than 8 characters.
41
NFS
Network File System A distributed file system protocol that allows for cross-network data transfer of files.
42
APFS
Apple File System Supports 64-bit addressing, journaling and encryption
43
Mount Point
A partition or volume mapped to a folder in another file system, rather than allocated a drive letter
44
UNIX
A family of operating systems typically running mission critical applications and infrastructure. Interchangeable Shells run on the Kernel to provide the user interface. Very adaptable and can be ported to many different hardware platforms. Eg; Solaris, MacOS, Darwin, IBM AIX, HP-UX
45
apt-get, yum
Linux / UNIX system update command
46
Linux OS
A fully open-source OS Kernel, derived from UNIX. Many 'Distros' (Distributions / Editions)
47
Android OS
A fully open-source mobile device OS derived from Linux
48
Distributions / Distros
A complete Linux package, including the Shell, the Kernel, apps and utilities that is distributed and supported by software vendors. Eg; Red Hat, Suse, Debian/Ubuntu, Knoppix
49
Superuser / Root User
In Linux computing, this is the equivalent of an Administrator account
50
Wildcards
A special character used to substitute characters in a string, useful for searching for matching patterns / characters. Eg; *.wav, *.Samuel
51
Options (Switches)
Modifiers used with commands to make it more versatile Eg; Ipconfig /all, GPupdate /Usetheforce
52
Su
Linux Command Become Super User (Elevate session)
53
Sudo
Linux Command Execute a command as the Super User
54
Passwd
Linux Command Change a User Account Password
55
Ps
Linux Command View the current processes
56
Kill
Linux Command Stop the CMD
57
Ifconfig
Linux Command View of configure a network interface.
58
Iwconfig
Linux Command View or change wireless networking configuration
59
Shutdown -h -r
Linux Command Shutdown machine -h is Hibernate -r is Restart
60
ls
Linux Command List Files
61
pwd
Linux Command Print Working Directory (dir)
62
cd
Linux Command Change Directory (same as cmd)
63
cp
Linux Command Copy Files
64
mv
Linux Command Move Files
65
rm
Linux Command Remove Files
66
grep
Linux Command Filter Files, find text in a file
67
NTUSER.DAT
A registry file located in C:\Users\*username* Contains all the user profile settings for an account
68
Roaming Profile
An NTUSER.DAT file is stored on the server, allowing for a user to sign into a different PC on a corporate network.
69
File Extension
Characters at the end of a file name; used by an OS to identify the application that is associated with a file. Eg; .bat, .pdf, .wav
70
System Files
The files necessary for the operating system to function properly. C:\Windows C:\Program Files (x86) C:\Users
71
EFI System Partition
A partition created upon an installation of Windows on a formatted hard drive. Pre-OS boot partition that the BIOS/UEFI will check to get "directions" to the main boot partition.
72
MBR Style Partitioning
Can have up to 4 partitions (C, D, E, F) One of these must be active / bootable for the OS Contains Boot Sectors contained in the Boot Partition, and a System Partition containing system files.
73
GPT Style Partitioning
Modern partitioning program required for 64-bit systems using UEFI firmware. Supports up to 128 different partitions. Allows for larger partitions and backups, also containing a backup MBR for backwards compatibility.
74
Attended Installation
An OS installation wherein the user responds to prompts from an install program to set configuration options etc...
75
Unattended Installation
An OS installation that receives instructions from an input file, used for provisioning machines in an enterprise setting. (PXE Boot)
76
Clean Install
A clean install of an OS replaces the pre-existing OS, removes all settings, programs and wipes the disk.
77
Secure Boot
An option available in the UEFI that restricts an OS installation to trusted software. This may need to be disabled to install some OS’s.
78
Windows Logo’d Product List (LPL) and Hardware Compatibility List (HCL)
PC components have been tested for compatibility for use with Windows operating systems.
79
Multiboot
The process of setting up multiple operating systems installed physically on a disk, instead of utilising virtual machines.
80
Workgroup
A small group of computers on a network that share resources in a peer-to-peer fashion Mostly used in SOHO situations.
81
Domain
A group of computers that share a common accounts database (Active Directory) used in enterprise environments.
82
Unattended Installation
Uses a script or a config file to input the choices and settings needed during setup. Often utilising a Windows ANSWER file (*.xml)
83
Windows System Image Manager
An application that manages and configures ANSWER files. Can automate the deployment of product keys, disk partitions, computer names, language and network/domain settings.
84
*.WIM
Windows Image File, used in automated deployment of devices.
85
Sysprep
Prepares the machine for hardware independence, stripping off all the unique identifiers (settings, license key, OS, etc) ready for provisioning.
86
Time Machine
MasOS built in backup utility.
87
Task Scheduler
Built-in Windows application that allows for the scheduling of one-time or recurring actions (backups etc) You can define triggers, apply multiple actions to a single task, view log files for events connected to the task and organize tasks into folders.
88
Services
Services provide back-end functionality to Windows, such as: Logon, Networking Browsing, Indexing Files etc... Installed by Windows and 3rd party vendors when installing software.
89
ODBC
Open Database Connectivity. A programming language that allows for applications (like MS Access) to communicate with SQL or other advanced database management systems. Simplifies database modification for end-users so they don't have to learn programming.
90
msconfig
Utility that allows for booting into safe mode, modifying startup and the Windows boot method.

CompTIA A+ 1201 (4 decks)

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