Computations Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
To divide fractions you must ____
A
Invert 2/3 / 5/72/3 / 7/5 = 14/15
2
Q
Numerator = ?Denominator = ?Answer = ?
A
DividendDivisorQuotient
3
Q
When a decimal is .25, what must you do to prevent medical errors?
A
Add zero0.25Also, drop zeros to prevent errors as well0.20 into 0.2
4
Q
Ratio into percent? 2:20
A
Convert second number to 1002:20 : 10:100 = 20%
5
Q
Solve ratio and proportion7/70 = 11/x
A
Cross multiply7/70 = 11x7x = 70x11X = 70x11/7X = 110
6
Q
Ratio and proportion in dosageOrder: 1.5 mg of medsSupply: 0.75 mg per 4 mL
A
Cross multiply1.5/0.75 = x/46 = 0.75xX = 6/0.75X = 8
7
Q
Metric equivalent 1g = ?1mg = ?
A
1g = 1000mg1mg = 1000mcg
8
Q
The apothecary system is represented by numbers, true or false?
A
False, they’re represented by Roman numerals and grain is the dosage measure
9
Q
60mg = what in grains generally?What is the mg exception?
A
60 mg = 1 grainExcept with acetaminophen and aspirin, then it’s 65 mg
10
Q
Fahrenheit to Celsius
A
C = (F-32) x 5/9
11
Q
Celsius to Fahrenheit
A
F = (C x 9/5) + 32
12
Q
Before mealsAfter meals
A
AcPc
13
Q
Twice a dayThree times a dayFour times a day
A
BidTidQid
14
Q
QhQn
A
Every hourEvery night
15
Q
As needed
A
Prn
16
Q
Twice per week
A
Biw
17
Q
IntramuscularlyIntravenously Intravenous push
A
IMIVIVP
18
Q
Nasogastric tubeNebulizer
A
NGTNEB
19
Q
PoPr
A
By mouthBy rectum
20
Q
Drug names:-brand -proprietary-several trade names
A
Trade
21
Q
Drug names:-official accepted name-one official name
A
Generic
22
Q
Drug packaging types
A
Unit and multi dose
23
Q
AmpuleVialPlastic bags
A
-glass container, single dose-glass container with sealed top-sterile medication for IV use
24
Q
Pre filled syringePre filled cartridge
A
-Sterile liquid meds-small vial with needle attached
25
1 tsp = ?mL1 tbsp = ?mL1 fl oz = ?mL1 cup = ?fl oz1 pt = ? Cups = ? Fl oz = ? mL1 qt = ?pt = ?cups = ?fl oz = ?L
1 tsp = 5 mL 1 tbsp = 15 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL1 cup = 8 fl oz1 pt = 2 cups = 16 fl oz = 500 mL2 qt = 2 pt = 4 cups = 32 fl oz = 1 L
26
2.2 lb = ?kg
1kg
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1 mL = ?cc
1 cc
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1 L = ?mL
1000mL
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proportions expressed as fractions
supply/have = x/desired
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proportions expressed as ratios
supply:have::x:desired
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formula method
desire/have X supply = x
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pregnancy categorization: ABCDX
A: safe, B: no effects on animals, no human studies available, C: adverse effect on animals, no human studies available, D: definite fetal risk, only given in extreme measures, X: Don't use at all, absolute risk
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3 checks
check label of medicinecheck label again before pouring or preparingcheck label again before giving it to the patient
34
6 rights
right medicationright patientright dosageright timeright routeright documents
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formula method for IV
have/supply X desire = x
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oz in a pound
16 oz/lb
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kg in a pound
2.2 kg/lb
38
1000 mcg = ?
1 mg
39
The client is to receive acetaminophen 975 mg po every 6 hours prn for an earache. You have 325mg tablets available. How many tablets would the nurse administer? A. 2 tablets B. 3 tablets C. 4 tablets D. 5 tablets
B. 3 tablets •“Desire/Have × Supply = x” is the formula method. “Supply : Have :: x : Desire” is the proportion expressed as two ratios method. “Supply/Have = x/Desire” is the proportion expressed as two fractions method. •“975 mg/325 mg × tablet = 3 tablets” is the formula method. “Tablet : 325 mg :: 3 tablets : 975 mg” is the proportion expressed as two ratios method. “Tablet/325 mg = 3 tablets/975 mg” is the proportion expressed as two fractions method.“ Desired unit is 975mg”. You have 325mg tablets. X tab = 1 tab/325mg x 975mg/1. Using dimensional analysis cancel like units on right side of equation. The remaining unit should be what is desired and match the unit on the left side.
40
The patient/client is to receive Mycostatin oral suspension 200,000 units po twice a day. The available Mycostatin oral suspension is 100,000 units per milliliter. How many milliliters of medication would the nurse administer? A. 1 mL B. 2 mL C. 3 mL D. 4 mL
B. 2 mL –/;Desire/Have × Supply = x” is the formula method. “Supply : Have :: x : Desire” is the proportion expressed as two ratios method. “Supply/Have = x/Desire” is the proportion expressed as two fractions method. –“200,000 units/100,000 units × Milliliters = 2 mL” is the formula method. “Milliliters : 100,000 units :: 2 mL : 200,000 units” is the proportion expressed as two ratios method. “Milliliters/100,000 units = 2 mL/200,000 units” is the proportion expressed as two fractions method.“ Desired unit is 200,000 units ”. You have 100,000 units per milliliter. X milliliters = 1 mL/100,000 x 200,000/1. Using dimensional analysis cancel like units on right side of equation. The remaining unit should be what is desired and match the unit on the left side.
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categorizes drugs by the way they act against diseases or disorders
Drug classification
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way drugs work at the molecular, tissue, or body system level
Drug category
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nontherapeutic reactions to drug
Side effect
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nontherapeutic effect –May be harmful –Require lowering the dosage or discontinuing the drug
Adverse effect
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how drug works
Action
46
reason for using the drug
Indication
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•Absorption •Distribution •Metabolism or biotransformation •Excretion
Pharmacokinetics
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•Degree of stomach acidity •Time required for the stomach to empty •Whether food is present •Amount of contact with villi in the small intestine •Flow of blood to villi
Absorption Factors
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drug’s movement through body fluids
Distribution
50
chemical change of drug into a form that can be excreted
Biotransformation
51
process by which the body removes a drug
Excretion
52
•Weight •Age •Pathologic conditions •Hypersensitivity to a drug •Psychological and emotional state
Factors That Affect Drug Action
53
What is distribution of a medication? A. Hypersensitivity to a drug B. Drug’s movement through body fluids C. Chemical change of drug into a form that can be excreted D. Process by which the body removes a drug
B. Drug’s movement through body fluids •A. Factor affecting drug action: hypersensitivity to a drug •B. Distribution: drug’s movement through body fluids •C. Biotransformation: chemical change of drug into a form that can be excreted •D. Excretion: process by which the body removes a drug
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Type of order Example: Keflex 500 mg PO every 6 hours × 7 days
1. Standing order with termination.
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Type of order Example: digoxin 0.5 mg PO every day
2. Standing order without termination.
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Type of order Example: morphine 2 to 4 mg IV q 4 h prn pain
3. A prn order.
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Type of order Example: atropine 0.3 mg subcutaneous 7:30 a.m. on call to OR
4. Single-dose order.
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type of order Example: morphine sulfate 4 mg IV stat
5. Stat order.
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Type of order Example: for K
6. Protocols.
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Types of orders (6)
1. Standing order with termination. 2. Standing order without termination. 3. A prn order. 4. Single-dose order. 5. Stat order.6. Protocols.
61
Which medication can be broken in half or opened when a patient/client has difficulty swallowing oral medications? A. Time-released capsule B. Enteric-coated tablet C. Film-coated tablet D. Scored tablet
D. Scored tablet A scored tablet can be broken in half. Don’t crush enteric-coated or film-coated tablets, and don’t open capsules. Doing so would compromise the medication in a time-released capsule.
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Formula method
–Desire/Amount × Supply = Have
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Proportion expressed as two ratios
--Supply : Have :: x : Desire
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Proportion expressed as two fractions
–Supply/Have = X/desire
65
Which Syringe: Carry out arithmetic to the hundredths place and then round off the answer to the nearest tenth
3 mL
66
Which Syringe: Carry out arithmetic to the thousandths place and then round off the answer to the nearest hundredth.
1 mL
67
The patient is to receive Phenergan (promethazine) 25 mg IV q6h prn. The medication is supplied as 12.5 mg/ mL. How many milliliters does the nurse need to draw up in the syringe? A. 1 mL B. 1.2 mL C. 1.7 mL D. 2 mL
D. 2 mL –Formula method 25 mg/12.5 mg × 1 mL = 2mLProportion expressed as two ratios •1 mL : 12.5 mg :: 2 mL : 25 mgProportion expressed as two fractions • 1 mL/12.5 mg = 2 mL/25 mg
68
When supply is a ratio (1:1000), What is it Interpreted as?
Interpreted as grams per milliliter –1:1000 –1 gram per 1000mL –1000mg = 1000mL –1mg = 1 mL
69
Interpret 2:25
2:25 –2 grams per 25 mL –2000 mg per 25 mL –80 mg = 1 mL
70
Use ratios for liquid injections•Order : neostigmine methylsulfate 0.75 mg subcutaneous •Supply: ampule labeled 1:1000
•Order : neostigmine methylsulfate 0.75 mg subcutaneous •Supply: ampule labeled 1:1000 –1 g / 1000mL –1000 mg / 1000mL –1 mg / 1 mL –0.75/1 x 1 = 0.75 mL
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•When supply is a Percent –Grams per 100mL •Percent means part per 100 –Lidocaine 2% = 2 g in 100 mL
–2 grams per 100mL –2000 mg / 100mL –20 mg/ 1 mL
72
Interpret: 0.45%
•0.45% –0.45 grams per 100 mL –450 mg / 100 mL
73
Interpret: •Order: dextrose 5 g IV x 1 •Supply: syringe labeled 50
•Order: dextrose 5 g IV x 1 •Supply: syringe labeled 50% –50 grams / 100 mL –5 g / 50 g x 100 mL = 10 mL
74
•Order : penicillin G potassium 1 million units IM q6h •Supply: powder 5 million unit vial •Diluting fluid and number of milliliters: See label
•Based on the label, for reconstitution of a 5 million unit vial, use 3 mL to obtain the desired concentration of 1,000,000 units / mL •Desired dose: 1 million units •Supply: 1 mL •Have: 1 million units in 1 mL •1 million units/ 1 million units x 1 mL = 1 mL
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•Always draw up the regular insulin into the syringe first. –Clear then cloudy •The total number of units in the syringe equals the two insulin orders added together.
Know when Mixing Two Insulins in One Syringe
76
Steps when mixing insulins (4)
•Inject into the NPH vial the amount of air equal to the amount of NPH insulin. •Inject into the regular vial the amount of air equal to the amount of regular insulin. •Withdraw the correct amount of regular insulin (“clear”). •Withdraw the correct amount of NPH insulin (“cloudy”).
77
Is the following statement true or false? Always draw up the regular insulin into the syringe first.
True Always draw up the regular insulin into the syringe first. **clear then cloudy
78
Order: Regular Humulin insulin 20 units and NPH Humulin insulin 12 units every day subcutaneously Supply: Regular Humulin insulin 100 units/mL and NPH Humulin insulin 100 units/mL What will be the total units in the syringe? A. 12 units B. 20 units C. 32 units D. 42 units
C. 32 units Regular Humulin insulin 20 units and NPH Humulin insulin 12 units every day subcutaneously for a total of 32 units
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IM
Intramuscular
80
IV
Intravenous
81
IV PB
Intravenous piggyback
82
Subcut
Subcutaneous
83
SL
Sublingual
84
ID
Intradermal
85
GT
Gastrostomy tube
86
NG
Nasogastric tube
87
NJ
Nasojejunal tube
88
po
By mouth
89
pr
By rectum
90
ac
Before meals
91
pc
After meals
92
Ad lib
As desired
93
Prn
When necessary/as needed
94
Stat
Immediately
95
Bid
Twice a day
96
Tid
Three times a day
97
Qid
Four times a day
98
Qh
Every hour
99
Qs
Quantity sufficient
100
Npo
Nothing by mouth
101
Gtt
Drop
102
Grain is equal to = ?
60 mg except for aspirin, 65 mg
103
Tiw
Three times a week
104
Abbreviation: W ,Component: ?
Water
105
Abbreviation: NS ,Component: ?
Normal (or isotonic) saline
106
Abbreviation: D5W ,Component: ?
5% dextrose in water
107
Abbreviation: 0.9% NS ,Component: ?
0.9% saline in water (normal saline)
108
Abbreviation: 0.45% NS ,Component: ?
0.45% saline in water (1/2 normal saline)
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Abbreviation: 0.33% NS ,Component: ?
0.33% saline in water (1/3 normal saline)
110
Abbreviation: LR ,Component: ?
Lactated Ringer’s solution (Lactated Ringers)
111
Abbreviation: NaCl ,Component: ?
Sodium Chloride
112
Abbreviation: RL ,Component: ?
Ringers Lactate
113
Abbreviation: LR ,Component: ?
Lactated Ringers
114
used to dilute excess serum electrolytes. Ex: 0.45% saline
Hypotonic
115
used to expand volume and maintain normal tonacity. Ex: 0.9% Saline, 5% Dextrose, Lactated Rigners
Isotonic
116
Used to correct electrolyte imbalance. Ex: 5% Dextrose and 0.9% saline
Hypertonic
117
rate of infusion shoud not exceed 200 mL in one hour in an IV site
Peripheral
118
Accomodates larger concentrations and volumes of fluid in an IV site
Central Line
119
3 complications of an IV site (1P,2I's)
-Phlebitits-Infiltration-Infection
120
60 gtt/mL tubing factor
microdrip
121
–10 gtt/mL –15 gtt/mL tubing factors–20 gtt/mL
macrodrip
122
information needed for labling IV's
•Patient name, room number, date, and time •Order
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Calculating Basic IV Drip Rates
•Number of milliliters to infuse x Tubing factor / Number of minutes to infuse = Drops per minute or gtt/minute
124
Calculating IV Drips for Infusion Pump
Total number of milliliters ordered / Number of hours to run = mL/hour
125
Determining Hours an IV Will Run
Number of milliliters ordered / Number of milliliters per hour = Number of hours to run
