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AWS Essentials > Compute > Flashcards

Compute Flashcards

1
Q

EC2 - Acronym

A

Elastic Compute Cloud

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2
Q

EC2 - Simplified Definition

A

Think of EC2 as your basic desktop computer

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3
Q

EC2 - AWS Definition

A

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) provides scalable computing capacity in
the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud. Using Amazon EC2 eliminates your need to invest in
hardware up front, so you can develop and deploy applications faster. You can use Amazon
EC2 to launch as many or as few virtual servers as you need, configure security and
networking, and manage storage. Amazon EC2 enables you to scale up or down to handle
changes in requirements or spikes in popularity, reducing your need to forecast traffic.

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4
Q

EC2 Instance Common Purchasing Options

A
  1. On Demand
  2. Reserved
  3. Spot
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5
Q

EC2 Reserved Pricing - Attributes

A

Reserved purchasing allows you to purchase an instance for a set time period of one (1) or
three (3) years.
(1) This allows for a significant price discount over using on-demand.
(2) You can select to pay upfront. partial upfront, no upfront.
(3) Once you buy a reserved instance, you own it for the selected time period and are
responsible for the entire price - regardless of how often you use it.

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6
Q

EC2 Spot Pricing - Attributes

A

Spot pricing is a way for you to “bid” on an instance type and only pay for and use that
instance when the spot price is equal to or below your “bid” price.
(1) This option allows Amazon to sell the use of unused instances, for short amounts of
time, at a substantial discount.
(2) Spot prices fluctuate based on supply and demand in the spot marketplace.
(3) You are charged by hour.
(4) When you have an active bid, an instance is provisioned for you when the spot price i:
equal to or less than you bid price.
(5) Provisioned instances automatically terminate when the spot price is greater than
our bid price (you don’t pay for a partial hour if your instance is terminated due to the spot
price increasing above your bid price).

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7
Q

EC2 On-Demand Attributes

A

On-demand purchasing allows you to choose any instance type you like and
provision/terminate it at any time (on-demand).
(1) Is the most expensive purchasing option.
(2) Is the most flexible purchasing option.
(3) You are only charged when the instance is running (and billed by the hour).
(4) You can provision/terminate an on-demand instance at any time.

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8
Q

How are you charged for EC2

A
  1. Purchasing Options (on demand, reserved, spot)
  2. Instance Type (compute, gen purpose, GPU Optimized, Memory Optimized, storage-optimized).
  3. EBS Optimized
  4. AMI Type
  5. Data Transfer
  6. Region
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9
Q

T/F - EC2 Stands for Elastic Cloud Compute

A

True

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10
Q

Which of the following is NOT a component of EC2

A

Screen Resolution
Amazon Machine Images
Block Storage
Instance Type

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11
Q

Which of the following best describes an AMI?

A

A Firewall
The ECS instance’s hardware configuration.
An image of an EBS Volume
A preconfigured package that provides the information required to launch an EC2 Instance

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12
Q

T/F - Security Groups allow you to set both allow and deny rules.

A

False (Allow rules)

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13
Q

T/F - EBS Volumes are your instance’s processing power (CPU).

A

False - EBS volumes are the instance’s storage (hard drive).

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14
Q

Public IP addresses are assigned to every EC2 instance by default, and Private IP addresses are optional and must be manually configured.

A

False - Every EC2 instance is automatically assigned a private IP address. Public IP addresses are optional but are required for direct Internet access.

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15
Q

If you were to remove the route to the IGW from a route table, what would happen to traffic inside the VPC?

A

Traffic could be sent between EC2 instances inside the VPC but would not reach the internet.

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16
Q

What are IOPS?

A

Input/Output operations per second.

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17
Q

What is Bootstrapping?

A

Custom launch commands can be passed into the instance during launch via “user-data” scripts.

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18
Q

Instance Types

A
  1. t2 General Purpose Burstable performance
  2. m3 General Purpose Nice Balance
  3. c3/c4 - Compute optimized - high traffic (web sites)
  4. d2 - Storage optimized (data warehouses, filesystems).
  5. i2 Storage Optimized - dw - file system.
  6. g2 gpu optimized - machine learning, rendering, high perform databases.
  7. p2 gpu optimized
  8. r3/r4 - Memory optimized - db, memcached, enterprise apps
  9. x1 - memory optimized db, memcached, large deployments of enterprise applications.
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19
Q

Define Public, Private, and Elastic IP Addressess

A
  1. Public - Optional. Allows direct communication with resources across open internet. Auto-Assigning - based on the selected subnet that you are provisioning the instance in.
  2. Private - automatically assigned, used for internal communication (VPC).
  3. Elastic - (EIP) - static ipv4 for dynamic cloud computing. Public. will replace it’s default public IP for as long as it is attached.
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20
Q

BASH Script

A

can be used to automate the process of updating package installers, install Apache web server, and start the web server.

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21
Q

What does the curl command provide?

A

allows you to view instance, user-data or metadata.

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22
Q

curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/user-data

curl http:/169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data

A

displays bootstrapping commands

displays AMI, Instance Type, etc.

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23
Q

EBS

A

Elastic Block Store

24
Q

EBS Basics

A

Persistent
Network Attached Storage
Can only be attached to one EC2 instance at a time.
Backed up into a snapshot which can be restored into new EBS volumes.

25
Q

EBS Performance

A

Performance measured in IOPS.
IOPS measured in 256kb chunks
EBS Volume Types impact IO performance
Understand what type of performance application requires when selecting volume.
Even volumes with provisioned IOPS may not provide the performance expected - EBS optimized instance prioritizes EBS traffic.

26
Q

What type of volume is required by each EC2 instance?

A

Root

27
Q

Initializing EBS Volumes - Basics

A

EBS volumes do not need to be pre-warmed.
New Volumes will receive max performance when created.
Volumes created from a snapshot must be initialized (can impact performance - manually read all the blocks).

28
Q

EBS Types

A 
General Purpose SSD (DEV, Test, Small Dbs.).
Provisioned IOPS (mission critical - large database workloads).
Magnetic - low cost - infrequent access, performance not as important.
29
Q

Are IOPS burstable?

A

yes.

30
Q

Are IOPS burstable?

A

Yes.

31
Q

EBS Volumes - Delete on Termination

A

EBS volumes can be deleted on termination. If not terminated they can live on and be attached to other EC2 instances.

32
Q

Instance Store Volumes

A

Ephemeral Data - when instance is terminated you will lose that data (stopped).
Instance can be rebooted an still maintain its ephemeral data.

33
Q

EC2 - Instance Store Volumes

A

Ephemeral Data - when instance is terminated you will lose that data (stopped).
Instance can be rebooted an still maintain its ephemeral data.

34
Q

EC2 Tags

A

Metadata / Tags to identify and group instances (department, client, etc.).

35
Q

What are key pairs?

A

two cryptography secure keys used to authenticate a client when logging into an ec2 instance.
public and private keys
AWS stores the public key on the instance, you are responsible for storing the private key.

36
Q

Key pairs with Linux

A

Linux instances have no pw. use key pairs (SSH) to login.

37
Q

Key Pairs with Windows

A

use key pair to obtain the admin pw and then login using RDP.

38
Q

EBS Snapshot

A

Snapshots are a point in time backup of EBS volumes.

39
Q

EBS Snapshot Properties

A
  1. Incremental
  2. only stores changes since the most recent snapshots.
  3. If orig is deleted, all data is still available in all the other snapshots.
  4. Snapshot storage only charges you for the amount of incremental data in each snapshot.
  5. Can be used to create fully restored EBS Volumes.
  6. Frequent snapshots increase data durability.
40
Q

EBS Snapshots can impact performance. T/F

A

True - when snapshots are running against the volume performance can be degraded (run during non-peak hours).

41
Q

EC2 Placement Groups

A

Is a cluster of instances within the same availability zone (reduces latency).

42
Q

EC2 Placement Group Recommendations

A
  1. same instance type.
  2. Launch all instances in the group simultaneously.
  3. Insufficient capacity error - stop all instances in member group and restart.
43
Q

EFS

A

Elastic File System

44
Q

EFS Defined

A

Scalable storage option for EC2
Storage Capacity is elastic.
EFS is fully managed.
Supports Network file system version 4 and 4.1
Best performance when using Linux kernel 4.0 or newer.

45
Q

Benefits of EFS

A

Can be accessed by 1 or more EC2 instances simultaneously.

Can be mounted to on-premise server (directconnect).

Can scale to petabytes in size.

Only pay for storage you are using.

46
Q

EFS Security

A

Control file system through POSIX permissions.

VPC for network access control and IAM for API access control.

Encrypt data at rest using AWS KMS (Key Management Service).

47
Q

EFS - When to use.

A

Big Data and Analytics.

Media Processing workflows.

Web Serving and Content Management.

48
Q

Lambda

A

Serverless Computing Platform

49
Q

What is serverless computing?

A

You can run code without provisioning or managing servers.

50
Q

Lambda Benefits

A
  1. Scales the required compute power automatically with your code.
  2. Do not have to manually provision or manage servers.
  3. By default it is highly available, fault-tolerant, scalable, elastic, and cost efficient.
51
Q

Lambda Current supported languages.

A
  1. Node.js
  2. Java
  3. C#
  4. Python
52
Q

When should you use Lambda over EC2?

A

Use Lambda when you want to run code that is in response to events (Changes to Amazon S3 buckets, Updates to a DynamoDB table, custom events.).

53
Q

ECS

A

EC2 Container Service

54
Q

ECS Defined

A

A Docker compatible container service provided by AWS. Allows for easy and fast container deployment onto a fleet of EC2 instances with highly available and fault tolerant infrastructures.

55
Q

ECS components

A

Dockerfile
Container / Docker Image
Container Registry
ECS Agengts / Tasks.

56
Q

ECS - Use Case

A
  1. Create distributed applications / microservices
  2. Batch / ETL Jobs
  3. Continuos Integration and Deployment.

AWS Essentials (11 decks)

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