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IT Application Tools In Business > Computer Appreciation > Flashcards

Computer Appreciation Flashcards

1
Q

is derived from the Latin word “Computare” which means
“to compute” or “to calculate.”

A

Computer

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2
Q

four basic unit of computer

A

• Input Unit
• Storage Unit
• CPU
• Output Unit

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3
Q

machines that perform tasks or calculations according to a set of
instructions or programs.

A

Computers

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4
Q

It is an electronic device used to store data and gives the results accurately
within a fraction of second.

A

Computer

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5
Q

Classification of Computer

A

• Analog Computer
• Hybrid Computer
• Digital Computer

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6
Q

represents the data as physical quantities and operates on
the data by manipulating the quantities.

A

Analog Computer

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7
Q

It is designed to process data in which the variable quantities vary continuously

A

Analog Computer

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8
Q

combination of digital and analog computers

A

Hybrid Computer

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9
Q

may use or produce analog data or digital data

A

Hybrid Computer

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10
Q

is designed to process the data in numerical form, its circuits
perform mathematical operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

A

Digital Computer

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11
Q

The numbers operated on by a digital computer are expressed in the _____________.

A

binary system

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12
Q

Digital Computers are generally classified by size and power as follows:

A

• Micro Computer
• Mini Computer
• Mainframe Computer
• Super Computer

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13
Q

is a small, relatively inexpensive computer with a
microprocessor as its CPU

A

Micro computer

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14
Q

Micro Computers are commonly divided into four types such as:

A

™ Desktop
™ Laptop
™ Notebook
™ PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)

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15
Q

a personal computer (PC) in a form intended for
regular use at a single location.

A

Desktop computer

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16
Q

a portable computer that has same capabilities as a desktop,
but is small enough for easy mobility

A

Laptop

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17
Q

is a device similar to a computer that fits in the palm of users hand and allows them to collect information such as
contacts, appointments, files, programs, and more.

A

Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)

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18
Q

designed for control, instrumentation, human interaction,
and communication switching as it is distinct from calculation and record
keeping.

A

Mini computers

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19
Q

a powerful multi-user computer that can support thousand users simultaneously

A

Mainframe computers

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20
Q

process data at very high speeds, i.e.,
hundreds of million instructions per second and they are also quite expensive

A

Mainframe computers

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21
Q

are best in terms of processing capacity and also the most
expensive one

A

Super computers

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22
Q

A Computer can be categorized according to:

A

• Speed
• Accuracy
• Versatility
• Reliability
• Power of remembering
• Diligence
• Storage

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23
Q

In Primary Storage, a limited amount of data can be stored temporarily like :

A

RAM & ROM

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24
Q

Secondary storage can store a large amount of data permanently like:

A

Floppy and compact disk

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25
Q

electronic device that accepts (reads) data from the user and
processes the data by performing calculations and operations on it, and
generates (writes) the desired output

A

Computer

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26
Q

A computer consists of four major components such as:

A

• Input Devices (Input Unit)
• CPU (Processing Unit)
• Memory (Storage Unit)
• Output Devices (Output Unit)

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27
Q

is a hardware or peripheral device used to send data to a
computer

A

Input device

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28
Q

important and most commonly used input devices are

A

Keyboard & Mouse

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29
Q

Other input devices are

A

• Joystick
• Scanner
• Barcode Reader

30
Q

the heart of the computer, it is the part of a computer which interprets
and executes instruction.

A

CPU

31
Q

two components in CPU

A

• Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
• Control Unit (CU)

32
Q

performs arithmetic and logical operations.

A

Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)

33
Q

handles all processor control signals

A

Control Unit (CU)

34
Q

a device that stores computer’s data and programs

A

Computer memory

35
Q

peripheral equipment that converts a computer’s output to a
form that can be seen, heard or used as an input for another device, process or
system

A

Output devices

36
Q

The important output devices, which are used in computer systems are:

A

• Monitors
• Printer
• Graphic Plotter

37
Q

refer to the operational units and their interconnection
that realize the architectural specifications

A

Computer Organization

38
Q

refers to those attributes of a system visible to a
programmer.

A

Computer Architecture

39
Q

attributes that include instruction set, number of bits used to
represent various data types (numbers, characters), I/O mechanism and
techniques for addressing memory.

A

Architectural attributes

40
Q

attributes that include those hardware details transparent to the
programmer, such as control signals, interfaces between the computer and
peripherals and the memory technology used.

A

Organizational attributes

41
Q

CPU stands for

A

Central Processing Unit

42
Q

is the brain of the computer, it is a part of
computer which interprets and executes instruction.

A

CPU

43
Q

The task of performing operations like arithmetic and logical operations is called _________

A

processing

44
Q

usually in the shape of a square or rectangle and has one
notched corner to help place the chip into the motherboard properly

A

CPU chip

45
Q

main functions of CPU

A

Fetch, Decode, Execute and Write back

46
Q

handles all processor control signals.

A

Control Unit (CU)

47
Q

Control unit is designed in two ways such as

A

™ Hardwired control
™ Micro-program control

48
Q

are stored in a special control memory and are based on
flowcharts.

A

Micro-programs

49
Q

™ The Design is based on a fixed architecture.
™ The CU is made up of flip-flops, logic gates, digital circuits and encoder &
decoder.

A

Hardwired control

50
Q

Central Processing Unit includes Arithmetic logic unit and control
unit. It has five major operations such as

A

o It accepts data as input.
o It stores data and instruction.
o It processes data as per instruction.
o It controls all operations inside a computer.
o It gives result in the form of output.

51
Q

is the initialization of the computerized system.

A

Booting

52
Q

is a computer program that loads an operating system or some
other software for the computer.

A

Boot loader

53
Q

refers to a single sector (normally the first in the active partition) that
contains the code to boot the operating system.

A

Boot sector

54
Q

MBR

A

Master Boot Record

55
Q

small program
called a ________, which normally resides in the first record of
the first disk.

A

MBR (Master Boot Record)

56
Q

is the part of the computer that holds data and instructions for
processing.

A

Memory unit

57
Q

Memory is measured in ______

A

bytes

58
Q

Types of Memory

A

• Primary or Main memory
• Secondary memory (Secondary Storage Device)

59
Q

Two types of primary memory

A

• RAM (Random Access Memory)
• ROM (Read Only Memory)

60
Q

is used for immediate access of data by the processor

A

Primary Memory

61
Q

is the central storage unit in a computer system

A

RAM

62
Q

primarily two forms of RAM

A

™ Static RAM (SRAM)
™ Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

63
Q

a bit of data is stored using the state of a flip-flop. This is most
expensive among other forms of RAMs, but is generally faster and
requires less power than DRAM and, in modern computers, is often used
as cache memory for the CPU.

A

SRAM

64
Q

Widely used in modern computers as primary memory

A

DRAM

65
Q

Types of ROM

A

• PROM – Programmable Read Only Memory
• EPROM – Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
• EEPROM – Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

66
Q

type of ROM that is programmed after the memory is
constructed.

A

PROM

67
Q

This type of memory uses floating-gate transistors and can be erased by
strong ultraviolet light

A

EPROM

68
Q

can be erased with an electrical charge and is used in flash
memory

A

EEPROM

69
Q

refers to storage devices, such as hard drives and Solid State
Drives (SSD).

A

Secondary Memory

70
Q

Secondary memory includes
:

A

• Floppy disk
• Hard disk drive
• Optical disk
• USB thumb drive

IT Application Tools In Business (1 decks)

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