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IT Application Tools In Business > Computer Appreciation > Flashcards

Computer Appreciation Flashcards

1
Q

is derived from the Latin word “Computare” which means
“to compute” or “to calculate.”

A

Computer

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2
Q

four basic unit of computer

A

• Input Unit
• Storage Unit
• CPU
• Output Unit

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3
Q

machines that perform tasks or calculations according to a set of
instructions or programs.

A

Computers

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4
Q

It is an electronic device used to store data and gives the results accurately
within a fraction of second.

A

Computer

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5
Q

Classification of Computer

A

• Analog Computer
• Hybrid Computer
• Digital Computer

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6
Q

represents the data as physical quantities and operates on
the data by manipulating the quantities.

A

Analog Computer

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7
Q

It is designed to process data in which the variable quantities vary continuously

A

Analog Computer

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8
Q

combination of digital and analog computers

A

Hybrid Computer

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9
Q

may use or produce analog data or digital data

A

Hybrid Computer

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10
Q

is designed to process the data in numerical form, its circuits
perform mathematical operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

A

Digital Computer

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11
Q

The numbers operated on by a digital computer are expressed in the _____________.

A

binary system

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12
Q

Digital Computers are generally classified by size and power as follows:

A

• Micro Computer
• Mini Computer
• Mainframe Computer
• Super Computer

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13
Q

is a small, relatively inexpensive computer with a
microprocessor as its CPU

A

Micro computer

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14
Q

Micro Computers are commonly divided into four types such as:

A

™ Desktop
™ Laptop
™ Notebook
™ PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)

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15
Q

a personal computer (PC) in a form intended for
regular use at a single location.

A

Desktop computer

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16
Q

a portable computer that has same capabilities as a desktop,
but is small enough for easy mobility

A

Laptop

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17
Q

is a device similar to a computer that fits in the palm of users hand and allows them to collect information such as
contacts, appointments, files, programs, and more.

A

Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)

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18
Q

designed for control, instrumentation, human interaction,
and communication switching as it is distinct from calculation and record
keeping.

A

Mini computers

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19
Q

a powerful multi-user computer that can support thousand users simultaneously

A

Mainframe computers

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20
Q

process data at very high speeds, i.e.,
hundreds of million instructions per second and they are also quite expensive

A

Mainframe computers

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21
Q

are best in terms of processing capacity and also the most
expensive one

A

Super computers

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22
Q

A Computer can be categorized according to:

A

• Speed
• Accuracy
• Versatility
• Reliability
• Power of remembering
• Diligence
• Storage

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23
Q

In Primary Storage, a limited amount of data can be stored temporarily like :

A

RAM & ROM

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24
Q

Secondary storage can store a large amount of data permanently like:

A

Floppy and compact disk

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25
electronic device that accepts (reads) data from the user and processes the data by performing calculations and operations on it, and generates (writes) the desired output
Computer
26
A computer consists of four major components such as:
• Input Devices (Input Unit) • CPU (Processing Unit) • Memory (Storage Unit) • Output Devices (Output Unit)
27
is a hardware or peripheral device used to send data to a computer
Input device
28
important and most commonly used input devices are
Keyboard & Mouse
29
Other input devices are
• Joystick • Scanner • Barcode Reader
30
the heart of the computer, it is the part of a computer which interprets and executes instruction.
CPU
31
two components in CPU
• Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) • Control Unit (CU)
32
performs arithmetic and logical operations.
Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
33
handles all processor control signals
Control Unit (CU)
34
a device that stores computer's data and programs
Computer memory
35
peripheral equipment that converts a computer's output to a form that can be seen, heard or used as an input for another device, process or system
Output devices
36
The important output devices, which are used in computer systems are:
• Monitors • Printer • Graphic Plotter
37
refer to the operational units and their interconnection that realize the architectural specifications
Computer Organization
38
refers to those attributes of a system visible to a programmer.
Computer Architecture
39
attributes that include instruction set, number of bits used to represent various data types (numbers, characters), I/O mechanism and techniques for addressing memory.
Architectural attributes
40
attributes that include those hardware details transparent to the programmer, such as control signals, interfaces between the computer and peripherals and the memory technology used.
Organizational attributes
41
CPU stands for
Central Processing Unit
42
is the brain of the computer, it is a part of computer which interprets and executes instruction.
CPU
43
The task of performing operations like arithmetic and logical operations is called _________
processing
44
usually in the shape of a square or rectangle and has one notched corner to help place the chip into the motherboard properly
CPU chip
45
main functions of CPU
Fetch, Decode, Execute and Write back
46
handles all processor control signals.
Control Unit (CU)
47
Control unit is designed in two ways such as
™ Hardwired control ™ Micro-program control
48
are stored in a special control memory and are based on flowcharts.
Micro-programs
49
™ The Design is based on a fixed architecture. ™ The CU is made up of flip-flops, logic gates, digital circuits and encoder & decoder.
Hardwired control
50
Central Processing Unit includes Arithmetic logic unit and control unit. It has five major operations such as
o It accepts data as input. o It stores data and instruction. o It processes data as per instruction. o It controls all operations inside a computer. o It gives result in the form of output.
51
is the initialization of the computerized system.
Booting
52
is a computer program that loads an operating system or some other software for the computer.
Boot loader
53
refers to a single sector (normally the first in the active partition) that contains the code to boot the operating system.
Boot sector
54
MBR
Master Boot Record
55
small program called a ________, which normally resides in the first record of the first disk.
MBR (Master Boot Record)
56
is the part of the computer that holds data and instructions for processing.
Memory unit
57
Memory is measured in ______
bytes
58
Types of Memory
• Primary or Main memory • Secondary memory (Secondary Storage Device)
59
Two types of primary memory
• RAM (Random Access Memory) • ROM (Read Only Memory)
60
is used for immediate access of data by the processor
Primary Memory
61
is the central storage unit in a computer system
RAM
62
primarily two forms of RAM
™ Static RAM (SRAM) ™ Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
63
a bit of data is stored using the state of a flip-flop. This is most expensive among other forms of RAMs, but is generally faster and requires less power than DRAM and, in modern computers, is often used as cache memory for the CPU.
SRAM
64
Widely used in modern computers as primary memory
DRAM
65
Types of ROM
• PROM – Programmable Read Only Memory • EPROM – Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory • EEPROM – Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
66
type of ROM that is programmed after the memory is constructed.
PROM
67
This type of memory uses floating-gate transistors and can be erased by strong ultraviolet light
EPROM
68
can be erased with an electrical charge and is used in flash memory
EEPROM
69
refers to storage devices, such as hard drives and Solid State Drives (SSD).
Secondary Memory
70
Secondary memory includes :
• Floppy disk • Hard disk drive • Optical disk • USB thumb drive

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