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CC-2224 Computer Science Paper 1 > Computer Networks > Flashcards

Computer Networks Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What is a network

A

A network is two of more devices connected together with the purpose of sharing resources

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2
Q

What is a local area network

A

A local area network (LAN) is a network which has a small geographical area

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3
Q

What is a wide area network

A

A wide area network (LAN) is a network which has a large geographical area

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4
Q

What are the factors that affect network performance

A

Number of Users
Bandwidth
Latency
Error Rate
Transmission Media

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5
Q

How does the number of users affect a network

A

Too many users can cause the network to slow down if there is not enough bandwidth for all of the data being sent and received

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6
Q

What is bandwidth

A

Bandwidth is the amount of data that can be sent and received at any given time

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7
Q

How does bandwidth affect a network

A

A smaller bandwidth means that less data can be sent and the network can slow down, potentially to the point of becoming unusable

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8
Q

What is latency

A

Latency is the delay between data being sent and received

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9
Q

How does latency affect a network

A

If there is a big delay between the two, more data will be on the network causing collisions

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10
Q

What is error rate

A

the measure of how many packets of data do not reach their destination

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11
Q

What is Transmission media

A

the type of cable used in wired connections

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12
Q

How does error rate affect a network

A

An increased error rate occurs in less reliable connections - a poor wireless signal would be a contributing factor to an increased error rate

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13
Q

How does transmission media affect a network

A

Wired connections offer a higher bandwidth than wireless connections

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14
Q

What is a Client-Server model

A

A client is a computer on the network, these connect to the server via a switch

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15
Q

What is a server

A

A server is a computer on a network which often has a single purpose

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16
Q

What are the advantages of client severs

A

-Managing backups of the network is easier as it is done from one central point
-Updating and installing new software can be done centrally
-Security of files can be managed easily

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17
Q

What are the disadvantages of a client server

A

-Servers can be expensive to purchase, setup and maintain
-A specialist network manager would be required as servers require specialist IT knowledge
-Servers can be a single point of failure, meaning all users would lose access to the network if the server fails

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18
Q

What is a Peer-to-Peer model

A

A peer is a computer on a network which is equal to all other computers

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19
Q

What are the advantages of a peer-peer server

A

-Very easy to set up and maintain
-Very cheap to set up because there is no expensive hardware to purchase
-No specialist knowledge or staff are required to run the network

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20
Q

What are the disadvantages of a peer-peer server

A

-Users will need to manage their own backups
-Users will need to manage their own software updates
-The network can be less secure

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21
Q

What is a router

A

The router is responsible for routing data packets between different networks

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22
Q

What is a wireless access point (WAP)

A

The Wireless Access Point (WAP) allows wireless devices to connect to a local area network (LAN)

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23
Q

What is a switch

A

A Switch allows multiple wired devices to connect to a local area network (LAN)

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24
Q

What is a network interface card (NIC)

A

The Network Interface Card (NIC) is required for a computer to connect to a network

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25
What is the Internet
The Internet is a collection of networks spanning the whole world
26
What is a domain name system
a directory of domain names and is used to translate human-readable domain names to the numeric IP addresses that computers use
27
What are web servers
Web servers are dedicated servers that store web pages/websites and other resources
28
What are clients
Clients are end-users who make requests of web servers
29
What is hosting
Hosting is the storing of websites, files and other content on servers
30
What is the cloud
The cloud is a collection of servers which are used to store data, applications and files over the internet
31
What is a URL
Uniform Resource Locator: The web address typed into a web browser
32
What is a ISP
Internet Service Provider: the company that provides internet services to you
33
What is a network topology
A network topology is the physical structure of the network
34
What is a star topology
A star topology has a central switch which all other devices connect to
35
What is a mesh topology
A mesh topology allows all computers to be connected to all other computers
36
What is Ethernet
Ethernet is a wired networking standard to carry electrical signals between devices
37
What are the advantages of wired connections
Speed - Fast data transfer Security - Better physical security Range - High (up to 100m), less susceptible to interference
38
What are the disadvantages of wired connections
Portability - Can't move easily, location is limited by physical cable Cost - Need more cables to add a new device Safety - Cables can be trip hazards, need routing along walls, under floors
39
What are advantages of wireless connections
Portability - Easy to move around, location is only limited by range Cost - Less expensive to setup and add new devices Compatibility - Most devices are manufactured with a built in Wi-Fi adapter
40
What are the disadvantages of wireless connections
Speed - Slower data transfer than Ethernet Security - Less secure than Ethernet Range - Relies on signal strength to the WAP, signals can be obstructed (up to 90m)
41
What is encryption
Encryption is a method of scrambling data before being transmitted across a network in order to protect the contents from unauthorised access
42
How is wireless data encrypted
-Wireless networks are identified by a 'Service Set Identifier' (SSID) which along with a password is used to create a 'master key' -When devices connect to the same wireless network using the SSID and password they are given a copy of the master key -The master key is used to encrypt data into 'cipher text', before being transmitted -The receiver uses the same master key to decrypt the cipher text back to 'plain text'
43
How is wired data encrypted
Using a master key to encrypt data and the same key to decrypt data
44
What is an IP address
An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique identifier given to devices which communicate over the Internet (WAN)
45
What is a MAC address
A MAC (Media Access Control) address is a unique identifier given to devices which communicate over a local area network (LAN)
46
What is a standard
A computing standard is a set of guidelines that when used with different hardware and software allows them to work with each other and allow data exchange
47
What are the Examples of computer standards
HTML Ethernet USB Wi-Fi
48
What is HTML
A standard for creating websites that allows them to be viewed on the World Wide Web (WWW) using web browser software
49
What is Wi-Fi
A standard that allows wireless devices to communicate on a local area network (LAN)
50
What is a protocol
A protocol is a set of rules that govern communication on a network
51
What is TCP
TCP is responsible for making sure communication between two routers is error free
52
What is IP
IP is responsible for making sure data is delivered to the right device on a wide area network (WAN)
53
What is HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) allows communication between clients and servers for website viewing
54
What is HTTPS
HTTPS is used to protect sensitive information such as passwords, financial information and personal data
55
What is FTP
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) allows sending and receiving files between computers
56
What is SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a protocol that allows communication between an email sender and the email server, and between different email servers using the internet
57
What is POP
Post Office Protocol (POP) is a protocol for downloading emails to a device from an email server
58
What is IMAP
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is a protocol for downloading emails to a device from an email server
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67
What is a layer
-A layer is a sub part of a more complex task -Dividing network tasks into layers reduces the complexity and makes each layer more manageable
68
What are the 4 layers
-Application layer -Transport layer -Internet layer -Network layer
69
What are the advantages of layers
-Layers are self-contained which makes managing, repairing and upgrading easier as each layer can be worked on independent of other layers -Layers allow for focus on specific parts of a protocol without affecting other layers

CC-2224 Computer Science Paper 1 (6 decks)

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