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Computer Organisation and Architecture Flashcards

(36 cards)

1
Q

What is the processor

A

Executes program instructions in order to run applications.

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2
Q

Main memory

A

Ram and Rom are used to store program instructions and frequently used data.
Easier for processor to access.

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3
Q

Busses

A

These are parallel wires that are used to connect multiple components to transfer signals

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4
Q

Address bus

A

Used to transfer the address of the data needed to be accesed and sent to.
One direction (uni directional)

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5
Q

How do you calculate the amount of data you can send on a bus

A

2^(number of wires)

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6
Q

Data bus

A

Sends data and instructions to and from components.
(Bidirectional) both ways

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7
Q

I/O Controller

A

Controls the input and output to the processor form keyboard, mouse, etc

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8
Q

Harvard archtecture

A

A computer system that stores the data and instructions in different locations by the processor.

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9
Q

Advantage of harvard

A

It gives each memory item different characteristics like only read so can’t be changed.

Reduce bottleneck effect

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10
Q

Von Neuman archtecture

A

Bothe instructions and data stored in same locations by processor.

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11
Q

Why is Von Neuman worse than Harvard

A

They perform worse than harvad because data of instructions and data have to be brought by busses

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12
Q

Fetch - decode - execute cyle

A
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13
Q

Control bus

A

Carries commands and signal to and from other components of computer.

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14
Q

What is an ALU?

A

Arithmetic Logic Unit: The part of the CPU where data is processed and manipulated, consisting of arithmetic operations or logical comparisons.

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15
Q

What is a Control Unit?

A

The part of the CPU that manages the execution of instructions by fetching, decoding, and synchronizing them.

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16
Q

What is a Clock in computing?

A

Measured in hertz, the clock speed is the frequency at which the internal clock generates pulses, synchronizing related components.

17
Q

What is a General-purpose register?

A

Tiny areas of extremely fast memory located in the CPU for storing temporary data while instructions are being carried out.

18
Q

What is a Program Counter?

A

A register in the control unit which holds the address of the next instruction to be executed.

19
Q

What is a Current Instruction Register?

A

A register in the control unit that stores the address of the next instruction currently being executed.

20
Q

What is a Memory Address Register?

A

A register in the CPU that stores the address of the memory location currently in use.

21
Q

What is a Memory Buffer Register?

A

Also known as the Memory Data Register (MDR), it stores data being transferred to and from the immediate-access store.

22
Q

What is a Status Register?

A

Contains information about the state of the processor, with bits read and written by executing machine code instructions.

23
Q

What is an Opcode?

A

Abbreviation of operation code, specifying the operation to be performed in a machine instruction.

24
Q

What is a Processor instruction set?

A

A group of commands for a CPU in machine language, referring to all or a subset of instructions.

25
What is an Operand?
The portion of a machine instruction that specifies the data to be operated on or manipulated by the opcode.
26
What is Immediate addressing?
Uses the data in the address field as a constant required by the program.
27
What is Direct addressing?
Uses the data in the address field without alteration; the simplest and most common method of addressing.
28
It there
29
What are registers?
Registers are small storage locations used to hold data temporarily.
30
How does a barcode reader work
31
How does a digital camera work
32
How does a lazer printer work
33
How does RFID work
34
What do hard disk drives do to store data
35
How do SSD's work
36
How do optical disks work