Computer Systems

Question 1

four examples

Utility software program examples

Answer 1

file compression
Disk defragmentation
Firewalls(on the device only)
Antivirus

Question 2

difference between a compiler and an interpreter

Answer 2

compiler:
scans entire program and translates it all into machine code

interpreter:
translates line by line and stops at Error

Question 3

Assembler

Answer 3

translate assembly into machine code

Question 4

Purpose of both compilers and interpreters

Answer 4

translates high level language to machine code

Question 5

special purpose software

Answer 5

performs one specific task. i.e. tax calculator

Question 5

Bespoke software

Answer 5

custom-made software specifically designed a client

Question 6

General purpose software

Answer 6

can be used for multiple tasks. i.e. word processor

Question 7

define

utility program (system software)

Answer 7

type of software which is used to analyze, maintain, configure a computer.

Question 8

Advantages of library programs
(since basic processes don’t need to be stored for every applications software)

Answer 8

saves programming time
saves memory
saves storage space

Question 9

“preinstalled small program that allows larger programs to run more efficiently”

Answer 9

library program

Question 10

acronymn

DLL

Answer 10

dynamic linked library

Question 11

operating system(system software)

Answer 11

Operating System (OS) refers to the system software that manages hardware and software resources in a computer system, TO HIDE THE COMPLEXITIES.
The main function is to manage hardware resources: the CPU, memory, disk drives, and input/output (I/O) devices.

Question 12

Examples of OS

Answer 12

macOS, ChromeOS, IOS, Android

Question 13

For High level Language
Paradigms: what is Imperative?

Answer 13

instructions are executed in a programmer defined order. language describes how to solve a problem i.e vb.net

Question 14

For High level Language
Paradigms: what is Declarative?

Answer 14

define what should be achieved by the program i.e SQL

Question 15

For High level Language
Paradigms: what is Functional?

Answer 15

has no global state as imperative languages do i.e Haskell

Question 16

For High level Language
Paradigms: what is Object oriented?

Answer 16

objects can be defined to model a problem e.g. c#

Question 17

High vs Low level languages

Answer 17

• Ease of use
• simple to debug
• portable to any platform
• currently most widely used
  BUT
• less memory efficient
• requires compiler or interpreter to translate which is slower than an assembler for assembly language

Question 18

discuss

machine code

1st gen

Answer 18

• doesn’t need translation to execute,(it is binary)
• difficult for humans to read and write (and therefore debug)
• often needs to be displayed as hexadecimal

Question 19

discuss

assembly language

2nd gen

Answer 19

• programmers can write code using a set of processor specific mnemonics (representing the binary equivalent in machine code).
• must be translated into machine code in order to execute in a process called assembling, done by an “assembler” program

Question 20

discuss

high level language

3rd gen