Computer Systems Flashcards
(40 cards)
How to calculate two’s complement?
Copy positive numbers from the right until you get to a 1
Example -20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
How to calculate the range of numbers?
Remember to -1 from the amount of bits and put into this formula:
-(2^x-1) to (2^x-1) - 1
Example: 8 bit
-(2⁷) to (2⁷) - 1
What do the mantissa and exponent affect?
Mantissa = Accuracy
Exponent = Range
How to figure out signed bit for floating point representation?
0 = positive
1 = negative
Rule for matissa in floating point representation?
Add extra 0’s to the end until it’s equal to 15, remove any decimals points
How to figure out exponent in floating point representation?
110110.011 Go to the left so exponent is 6
0.00101011 Go to the right so exponent is -3
-1101.010101 Go to the left so exponent is 4
-0.01011 Go to the right so exponent is -1
What are some advantages and disadvantages of ASCII
Advantages:
-Uses less storage space (8 bits)
Disadvantages
-Can’t represent many languages
-Can’t represent many symbols/characters
What are some advantages and disadvantages of Unicode
Advantages:
-Represents a lot more languages
-Represents lots of symbols and characters
Disadvantages:
-Uses more storage space (16 bits)
Facts about vector graphics?
- It attributes such as position (x, y), stroke colour, shape, line thickness
- Everytime the drawing package is loaded it redraws all the shapes
- it’s scaleable and doesn’t lose clarity
- Ideal for cartoons and logos
- Small file size
Facts about bitmap graphics?
- When zoomed in becomes “jaggy”
- Each individual pixel can be controlled
- Ideal for photos
- Big file size
What are parts of a computer?
- address bus
- control bus
- data bus
- processor
- registers
- RAM
- cache
What is the read fetch-excute cycle?
1 Address bus is set up with memory address location
2 Read line activated on control bus
3 Instructions loaded onto data bus
4 Instructions put into processor to be de coded and executed
What is the write fetch-excute cycle?
1 Address bus is set up with memory address location
2 Data bus is set up with the data to be stored in RAM
3 Write line activated on control bus
4 Data on data bus stored in location specified by address bus
What are factors that affect performance?
- more cores in processor
- Increasing width of data bus
- Increasing size of cache memory
- Higher clock speed
What does adding more cores to the processor do?
It can process more sets of instructions it can recieve and process at the same time
What does increasing the width of the data bus do?
Increases the amount of data transferred per tick/per cycle
What does increasing the size of cache memory do?
This means frequently used instructions can be accessed quicker because it has faster access than RAM
What does having a higher clock speed do?
It means the computer can process instructions quicker, still one at a time
What are the intelligent systems that have an environmental impact?
- Intelligent heating systems
- Intelligent traffic control systems
- Intelligent car management systems
What is an intelligent heating system?
Adjusts heating depending on if anyone is home or in a particular room or based on weather conditions, it doesn’t waste energy by heating the house when it’s empty
What are intelligent traffic control systems?
Uses cameras and sensors to lessen congestion and keep traffic moving, this reduces the amount of harmful emissions (CO2)
What is an intelligent car management system?
Start-stops systems turns engine off when the car is idling so it reduces fuel consumption and carbon emissions
What is a tracking cookie?
It’s a small file created when accessing a website that gathers your information and is distributed between different websites, to present customised data
What does DoS attack stand for?
Denial of Service attack
