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COMs Exam Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Intrapersonal Communication?

A

The thoughts, feelings, and perceptions of individuals.

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2
Q

What does the Linear Model #1 Look like?

A

Sender–>Encoding–>Noise Barriers–>Message Channel–>Decoding–>Reciever

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3
Q

What does the Interactional Model look like?

A

Sender–>Receiver.

With Context/Environment and Interference/Noise/Barriers.

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4
Q

What does a Meaning Centered Model look like?

A

Person A and Person B have a shared area of meaning.

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5
Q

What does an Integrated or Shared Meaning Model look like?

A

Contains everything.
Context and Culture with noise barriers.
Perception, fields of experience.

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6
Q

3 main types of communication

A

Written
Oral
Non Verbal

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7
Q

What is Self-Concept?

A

Our perception of ourselves. It is what we perceive our personality, looks, beliefs, attributes, talents, faults, and weaknesses to be.

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8
Q

How does self concept develop?

A

Reflected Image
Comparison with others
Comparison against our own standards

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9
Q

What does the Johari Window look like?

A

Top Left: Public Area
Top Right: Blind Spot
Bottom Left: Hidden Area
Bottom Right: Unknown.

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10
Q

How to improve self-awareness

A

Pay attention to feedback
Self-disclosing
Consider your Johari Window

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11
Q

What is communication?

A

Communication is the process by which human beings interact with and relate to one another.

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12
Q

What is Perception?

A

The process by which we receive, understand, or interpret the messages we receive from the outside world.

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13
Q

What is the process of perception?

A

Stimulus–>Attention–>Organisation–>Interpretation/Evaluation

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14
Q

Principles of Perception:

A 
Based on Experience
Selective
Inferred
Highly Subjective
Depends on Context
Can be Deceptive
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15
Q

How does perception affect the way we communicate?

A

It can influence the way we receive a message.
The way we perceive the world affects the way we think and behave.
It can affect the impression we form of others.

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16
Q

What is Cognitive Dissonance?

A

When we encounter information from the outside world that doesn’t match our perceptions, we experience cognitive dissonance or conflicting understanding.

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17
Q

What are barriers to communication?

A

Anything that gets in the way of clear communication between sender and receiver.
(Physical, Emotional, Linguistic, Gender, Culture, etc)

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18
Q

What is Non-Verbal communication?

A

Body Language
Writing Structure and Layout
Physical Elements

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19
Q

Body Language Includes:

A 
Facial Expresssions
Occulesics
Kinesics
Posture
Orientation
Haptics
Paralanguage
Silence
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20
Q

What is Paralanguage?

A

How we speak.

Tone, Pitch, Volume, Speed or Pace, Pronunciation, Emphasis on Words

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21
Q

What is Proxemics?

A

Use of space in communication.

Intimate, Personal, Social, Public

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22
Q

What is Incongruence?

A

When elements don’t support each other. Non-Verbal communication contradicting verbal communication.

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23
Q

What is Globalisation?

A

The way the world has got “smaller” through trade and technology and the removal of barriers so we are all more connected.

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24
Q

What is Interpersonal Communication?

A

Communication between people.

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25
What is Group/ Team work?
How you communicate and function within a group as opposed to one other person.
26
What is Public Communication?
One to many but not as many as mass media.
27
What is Intercultural/ Cross Cultural Communication?
Communication between different cultures.
28
What is a Sender?
The person who starts the interaction.
29
What is a Receiver?
The receiver of the interaction.
30
What is a Message?
What the sender actually communicated, whether that was intended or not.
31
What is an Impulse?
The reason the sender decided to communicate.
32
What is Encoding?
The actual words, gestures, symbols, examples etc that the sender uses to convey the message.
33
What is Context?
The interrelated conditions in which something exists or occurs.
34
What is Verbal or Oral Communication?
Spoken Words
35
What is Non-Verbal communication?
All of the unspoken stuff, eg body language, vocal clues, visual signs, environmental elements.
36
What is Body Language?
Messages sent by the body rather than the voice, eg the way you stand, gestures, facial gestures, actions, etc.
37
What are Barriers?
Patterns of thinking that stop effective communication.
38
What is Noise?
Anything that interferes with either the formation or delivery of the message can be a barrier.
39
What are Breakdowns?
The result of external or internal factors that interfere with the messages being received as they are intended.
40
What is Miscommunication?
What happens as a result of a breakdown.
41
What is a Channel/Medium?
The way that is chosen to send the message. It can be formal or informal.
42
What is Face to Face communication?
A channel with at least two people in view of each other and close enough to be heard.
43
What is a Telephone?
A channel usually involving listening and speaking but not sight.
44
What is Electronic Media?
A channel using computer technology, eg cell phones and laptops.
45
What is Mass Media?
A channel sending information from one to many with no specific targeted individual. (TV, Radio, Newspapers, Magazines, Movies, Websites)
46
What is Written Communication?
A channel involving the written word, includes web.
47
What does it mean to Decode?
The receiver processes or recognises the individual elements of the message to understand it.
48
What is Feedback?
A response to a received message.
49
What are Assumptions?
Things we think are true (even if they are not)
50
What is Conditioning?
The influence of our upbringing by family, culture, society, and past experiences.
51
What is Psychological?
To do with mental processes and behaviour
52
What is Semantics?
To do with language and the meaning of words.
53
What is Colloquial Language?
This is only appropriate for ordinary or informal conversation rather than formal speech or writing.
54
What are gestures?
Form of non-verbal communication made with a part of the body used instead of or in combination with verbal communication.
55
What is Body Posture?
The way a person holds their body when they stand or sit.
56
What are Proxemics?
The use of space in interactions between people.
57
What are Status Symbols?
Possesions which used to give off a message about a persons status or wealth
58
What are Polychronic Cultures?
When people like to do many things at the same time and put people and their needs ahead of other things.
59
What is Monochronic Culture?
Where one activity occurs at a time. (typically to conclusion).
60
What are paralinguistics?
Vocal communications separate from the actual voice. Not just the words but how we use them.
61
What is Culture?
All the ways of life that are passed down from generation to generation
62
What is Acculturation?
Learning to adjust to another culture.
63
What is Individualism?
The idea that individuals are more important than the group.
64
What is Collectivism?
Shared goals and values are more important than individual ones.
65
What is Cultural Awareness?
Being aware of other cultures and the differences..
66
What is Cultural Sensitivity?
Being able to make someone from another culture feel accepted.
67
What is Paraphrasing?
Repeating back to someone what they have said in your own words.
68
What are closed questions?
Questions requiring a quick yes or no answer. This does not encourage interaction.
69
What are open questions?
Asking how, what, why, where, etc to encourage deeper answers.
70
What are rhetorical questions?
Questions that do not require an answer.
71
What is Autocratic?
When power is concentrated in one person who doesn't share ideas or responsibilities.
72
What is Laissez Faire?
When the leader leaves the team to self manage.
73
What is Democratic?
When everyone has a chance to have their say and help make a decision.
74
What are Norms?
An agreed set of rules of behavior for the group.
75
What is Synergy?
When people working together achieve more than working alone. The sum is greater than the parts.
76
What are the stages of group evolution?
Forming Storming Norming Performing
77
In Group Evolution, what is Forming?
The team gets to know each other and rules are decided.
78
In Group Evolution, what is Storming?
Members are more open and conflict can occur.
79
In Group Evolution, what is Norming?
From conflict comes agreement and norms become accepted.
80
In Group Evolution, what is Performing?
The team carries out their tasks to achieve their goal.
81
What is Lateral Thinking?
Looking at a problem with a variety of approaches.
82
What is Brainstorming?
A way to free up thinking by recording all ideas not matter what they are.
83
What is Logic?
Uses reasoning, facts, and figures.
84
What is Credibility?
Establishes why you should be listened to.
85
What are Emotions.?
Using these to persuade others.
86
What is Cultural Imperialism?
One country extends its power over another country through culture.
87
What is Cultural Relatvism?
When we accept that each culture is different and has it's own values, then we can communicate more effectively inter-culturally
88
What is Collectivism?
Shared goals and values are promoted within a culture and being part of the 'membership' of the group is important.
89
What is Individualism?
Individual values are more important than the group.
90
What is High Context?
Often a feature of collective cultures. Emphasis is placed on HOW things are said rather than WHAT is said. Non-verbal communication is central to meaning.
91
What is Low Context?
Often a feature of individualistic cultures. Communication is oral and written so contracts are important. More direct approach and more precise.
92
What is High Power Distance?
Power is concentrated in a few people. | Rules keep it that way.
93
What is Low Power Distance?
Power is distributed more evenly in the community.
94
What are the FIVE stages of Listening?
Receiving-->Understanding-->Remembering-->Evaluating-->Responding (Circle)
95
What is Hearing?
A response to sound waves stimulating the sensory receptors in the ears. Listening is a mental process when the brain becomes engaged.
96
What is Attending?
We select only a few of all the stimuli around us. This requires effort so we only listen to parts of the message.
97
What is Understanding?
Analyzing and taking meaning from the information we receive.
98
What is Remembering?
Retaining what we hear in the short term to be able to respond to it.
99
What is Evaluating?
When we sort fact from opinion, determine bias, and weigh up the value of the message.
100
What is Responding?
Providing verbal or non verbal feedback. It helps the sender check for understanding and increases the involvement of both parties in the communication.
101
What is the acronym for listening effectively?
AER Attend Encourage Research
102
What are the 8 types of Listening?
Passive, Participatory, Surface, Deep, Objective, Empathic, Critical, Non-Judgemental
103
Four key points to giving effective feedback.
Immediate Specific or descriptive Mindful of others feelings Direct and Honest
104
How to answer interview questions.
STAR Situation or Task Action Results
105
What is Organisational Communication?
The Interaction that co-ordinates the activities of the organisation.
106
What does Assertive mean?
Positive; Direct, open, and honest. Appropriate without infringing on the rights of others.
107
What does Aggressive mean?
Using Power; Verbal or physical, manipulating for own gain. Violating rights of others.

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