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Comservative Domination 1951-64 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why was the post war consensus a consequence of wartime experinece?

A

Government intervention had helped them to win the war so was expected to help them reconstruct the country

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2
Q

What was the post-war consenus relating to full-employement during war

A

People saw grester value in keynsian economics
Governments wished to mainted full-employment using keynesian strategies.Ministers would use levers such as cutting taxes and boosting state spending to increase the levels of economic activity

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3
Q

What was the post-war consensus regarding trade unions

A

Acceptance and some encouragement of trade unions, governments consulted the trade unions reguarly about workplace relations and economic policies.The unions access to governments increased

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4
Q

What was the post-war consensus for government controlled economy

A

mixed economy,a large role for stste ownership of things such as gas, coal,rail,electricity along with intervention and planning in the economy

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5
Q

What was the post-war consensus regardrding the 1942 Beveridge report

A

The welfare state,the objects of national insurance and the NHS . The services were to be provided by general taxation or insurance and represneted social citizenship

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6
Q

What was the post-war consenus regarding evacuation and rationing

A

the government could play a greater role in promoting greater equialty through social engineering, progressive taxation and comprehensive schooling

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7
Q

What was included within the welfare state

A

medication
healthcare
Benefits
pensions
free-school meals

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8
Q

What are examples of Kenyseain strategies

A

regulation of business
gov spending
infastructure
regualtion of industry
gov intervention in the economy

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9
Q

When did labour acheive a victory and who was it under?

A

1945- Clem Atlee

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10
Q

Ways in which labours policies reflected the post-war consensus in terms of the welfare state

A

National insurance act- unmeploment,maternity,
sickness
NHS act-free medical care funded through taxes
Education(Butler) act- take 11 plus to see what school to attend
Family allowance act- weekly payment for every additional child after the first
Industrial industries act- cover for accidensts in the workplace

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11
Q

Ways in which labours policies targeted financial problems

A
  • devaluation of the pound in order to make exports cheaper, as it had become severely weakened in comparison to the US dollar
    -Marshall aid, 1948, US provided europe with $15 billion in return for trade concessions, Briatin got a 10% share
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12
Q

Ways in which labours policies targeted a mixed economy

A

Nationalsiation between 1946-9the following industries were nationalised: coal,bank of england, road transport,gas,iron,steel

keynesian economics

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13
Q

What were the consequences of labours policies in 1951

A

-charges on prescription medication to make svaings in public expensiture leading to the resignation of people such as Bevan in gov
-economic and finacial diffuclties
-divisions between left and right
-resentment from trade unions
-1950 majority shrunk
-Couldn’t shake the image of rationing and high taxtion
- entry into korean war caused large divides

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14
Q

What is the first past the post system

A

The uk is divided into 650 constituencies,each one of these elects their own member of parlaiment. The first past the post system looks at how many different areas have the same party aas thei elect6ed leader. This party will then win the overall elction, it doesn’t take into consideration the proportion of votes that they won

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15
Q

What was the conservatives promsie in 1951

A

restoration and reconstrcution, take the country away from socialism and rationing

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16
Q

Why did the conservatives win the 1951 election?
Labour weakness

A

-Divisions in the party:
korean war,economic strain about nhs prescriptions
-Exhaustion from post-war difficulties
austerity,rationing and high taxation
-NHS
the promsie of free prescriptions was went back upon

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17
Q

Why did the conservatives win the 1951 election?
Electoral system

A
  • Decline in the liberal party
    fell from 2.6 mill to 730,556
    -Boundary changes
    -Nature of the system
    conserv took many of the marginalo seats therefore utillisng the first past the post system
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18
Q

Why did the conservatives win the 1951 election?
conservative strengths

A

-policies
promsie to build 300,000 houses and end rationing, intoduction of more red meat
- continuation
continue funding into welfare state and NHS, reassuring the public
-Lord woolton
reformed party finances

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19
Q

What did britains share of trade shrink to after the korean war and how much of the GDP was spent on defence.

A

25% to 15%, whilst defence expenditure increased to 10% of Briatins GDP

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20
Q

what was the conserv criticised for after korean war

A

failing to modernise staple and traditional industries as it prioritised overseas investments

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21
Q

Did life get better under the conservatives?
wages and living standards

A

-wages rose from £8.30 in 1951 to £18.35 in 1964
-taxes reduced by 2.5p in 1955 and 3.75p in 1959
-500% rise in car ownership
-TV ownership rose by 91%, simillarily washing machiene owenship

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22
Q

were the conservatives truly responsible for better wages and living standards

A

yes- cut of income tax
no- global economy on the rise and recovering after ww2, improvement of technology

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23
Q

Did life get better under the conservatives?
credit

A

-people were able to borrow money and then pay it back in small monthly amounts
-many people were able to go on holiday abroad for the fist time

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24
Q

were the conservatives truly responsible for credit

Study These Flashcards
A

It was mainly due to actions of the banks and the strenatgh of the glaobal economy, however conservatives

25
Did life get better under the conservatives? Housing
yes 354,000 houses built in 1954,1.7 million built whislt in office , more houses available to buy and rent,private owned property increased by 22% before ww2 and 44% by 1964 no renst rose and people were unable to afford it leading to the 1975 rents act
26
were the conservatives truly responsible for housing
large amounts of money could be borrowed and repaid which led to ease encouraging hosue ownership- this was the banks not the gov The conservatives did do what they had saod with the house building
27
Did life get better under the conservatives? unemployment
yes- unemployment fell to 297,000 in 1956 no- in 1963 unemployment peaked to 878,000, large amounts of fluctuation. It was never below 230,000 as they had promised. Umpeloyment rose from 367,000 when they originally joined to 501,000 when they left
28
were the conservatives truly responsible for unemployment
economic ploicy failed to ensure full employemnt and it was also contributed by lack of investment
29
Who was R.A butler and what did he believe
-Chancellor of the exchequer 1951-55 - a mixed economy,giving trade unions a legitimate role -he accepeted keynesian economics and continued laboiurs policies of full employment,welfare state, millitary including a nuclear weapons programme
30
What was Butskellism
Butlers comined ideas with those of Gateskill, combining labour left and conservative right -increased borrowing to allow government expenditure(health,housing,eductaion) -expansion of welfare state (GDP spendings rose from 16.1% in 51 to 19.3% in64) -avoid high inflation and deflation through interest rates and import controls
31
How did Butskellism affect the economy
-recovery and growth was slowed -A defecit was more likely -not enough investment in thinsg such as textiles ans ship building -expansion of industires such as car making and aircraft, though these were expensive and uncompettitive -no investment into industrial research
32
Who was the prime minister when Nasser nationalised the Suez Canal and what year was this?
Anthony Eden 1956
33
Which conservative prime minister was responsible for the 1961 immigration act?
Macmillain
34
Who was responsible for the wage increases?
Douglas Home
35
What were the wage increases seen under Douglas Home?
£8.30 to £18.35
36
Who promsied to build 300,000 houses in 1951
churchill
37
Who reagrded the Homicide Act as a liberal reform in 1957?
Macmillan
38
Who did the conservative scandals such as the profumo affair take place what year?
Macmillain 1963
39
Which conservative pm had their request for joinig the EEC refused
Macmillain
40
Who increased borrowing and allowed an increase in gov expenditure on Health, education and Housing During what years?
Churchill 1951-55
41
Who introuduced tax cuts to try boost gov support?
Macmillain
42
Under who did the conserv win the hughest number of votes ever ? What year?
churchill
43
Who was PM during the race riots 1958-59
Macmillan
44
Where were the Race riots the most profound? what happened?
Nottingham, Bristol and Notting Hill Groups of white youths went around harrasing Black residents who often retallaited. This started as many working class white people began to fear that they were loosing their jobs due to the high amounts of immigtration taking place
45
What did Unmeployemnt reach to in 1964 under Douglas Home?
878,000
46
Conserv economy 'never had it so good'
-unemployment declined -wages increased from £8.30in 1951 to £18.35 in 1964 under Douglas Home meaning that tbey surpassed the rates of inflation -Taxes were reduced by 2.5p in 1955,EDEN
47
How did society influence the sattement 'Never had it so good'
-354,000 homes rebuilt -Privately owned properties increased by 44% -maintnanace of the welfare state -Car ownership rose by 500% -Tv ownership rose by 91%
48
What societal examples are there of thirteen wasted years
- Race riots 1958 -Youth Sub culture, Mods vs Rockers -Immigration act, 1961
49
What ]economic examples are there of thirteen wasted years
-unemployment peaked under Douglas Home reaching 898,000 in 1963 -stagflation was a predominant part of the economy - there was no long term economic growth and the governemnt operated on a stop-go policy -There was little investment into reputable British industries such as Ship Building and Textiles
50
How did leadership demomstrate thirteen wasted years?
- Conservative scandals, Argyll divorce case, profumo affair, Vassal Affair,Philby -Anthony Eden and the Suez Crisis in 1956
51
What two examples of Foreign Policy demonstrate thirteen wasted years?
-The Suez Crisis- Eden in 1956 - EEC rejection- Macmillain in 1963
52
Why did the conservatives win the 1959 election? 3 Overall reasons
- internal disputres in the labour party -weakness of Labours election campaign -Strengths of the conservatives
53
What were the internal disputes in the labour party during the 1959 election
Nuclear policy Divide between left and RIght
54
Wht did the dispute over nuclear policy involve
The left of the party wanted full nuclear disaramament whereas the right side wanted Britian to remain nuclear as they belived that it was important to Britain as a world power
55
Wht was the dispute regarding lack of unity?
Left=Bevanites Right= Gateskillers Labour couldnt decide which side to place itself on, they did not haver any examples of coherant policy, the party appeared to be untrustworthy
56
What were the examples of labours campaign as weak? 1959 election
- Atlees attitudes towards Europe - the lack of clear answers leading to public belief, state pensions and tax cuts -They did not utlise the fialure of the Suez
57
Why did Atlees view of Europe impact public opinion of the 1959 election
Atlee decalred that Britiain were oposed to joining the EEC which went agaisnt majorityoublic opinion therfore putting labour into a negative light
58
Waht were the strengths of the conservative party during the 1959 election
-economic prosperity -Macmillans leadership, Never had it so good -low unemployment, oncreased consumer spending= better quality of life

Britain (5 decks)

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