Concept 2: Cell Transport

Question 1

Define homeostasis

Answer 1

stable internal conditions

Question 2

Define dynamic equilibrium

Answer 2

not exactly the same, but within a certain range

Question 3

Name the three aspects of homeostasis

Answer 3

pH, temperature, blood sugar

Question 4

Name the three desired values for homostasis

Answer 4

pH of 7, 98.6ºF, ~100mg blood sugar

Question 5

Define hyperglycemic

Answer 5

high blood sugar

Question 6

Define hypoglycemic

Answer 6

low blood sugar

Question 7

Define stimulus (plural “stimuli”)

Answer 7

changes in environment

Question 8

Define response

Answer 8

the response to stimuli

Question 9

Define feedback mechanism

Answer 9

cells/your body maintain homeostasis as they receive stimuli

Question 10

Give the structure for a feedback loop

Answer 10

input ==> system ==> output ==> input ==> etc.

Question 11

Define positive feedback loop

Answer 11

the output intensifies the response

Question 12

Give an example of positive feedback loops

Answer 12

fruit ripening

fruit ripens –> fruit releases ethylene –> ethylene signals other fruit –> other fruit ripens –> etc.

Question 13

Define negative feedback loop

Answer 13

the output causes a counter response to the system

Question 14

Give an example of a negative feedback loop

Answer 14

thermoregulation
blood vessels go thick and go thin

Question 15

Which organelle is the main cause of homeostasis at a cellular level?

Answer 15

cell membrane

Question 16

Define semi-permeable

Answer 16

selective permeability

Question 17

What can pass through the cell membrane?

Answer 17

small things
non-polar/hydrophobic things
neutral (specifically water)

Question 18

What can’t pass through the cell membrane?

Answer 18

large things
polar/hydrophilic things

Question 19

Define passive transport

Answer 19

things are transported in and out of the cell w/o using energy

Question 20

Define active transport

Answer 20

things are transported in and out of the cell using energy

Question 21

Define equilibrium

Answer 21

equal concentration between two sides

Question 22

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 22

adenosine triphosphate

Question 23

Define solute

Answer 23

the thing that is being dissolved

Question 24

Define solvent

Answer 24

the thing that is dissolving

Question 25

Define solution

Answer 25

the solute + the solvent

Question 26

Define concentration

Answer 26

the amount of solute in the solvent

Question 27

What is the symbol for concentration?

Answer 27

[]

Question 28

Define concentration gradient

Answer 28

difference in concentration from one location to another

Question 29

Give an example of a concentration gradient

Answer 29

hot chocolate

Question 30

Define simple diffusion

Answer 30

molecules are spread across the membrane until there is equilibrium

Question 31

What are the most common molecules that experience simple diffusion?

Answer 31

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide

Question 32

Define facilitated diffusion

Answer 32

molecules are spread through a transport protein until there is equilibrium

Question 33

Define osmosis

Answer 33

diffusion of water across the cell membrane

Question 34

Define hypertonic

Answer 34

the cell has a higher concentration of water than its surroundings

Question 35

Define isotonic

Answer 35

the cell has an equal concentration of water than its surroundings

Question 36

Define hypotonic

Answer 36

the cell has a lower concentratin of water than its surroundings

Question 37

Define molecular pump

Answer 37

uses energy to go against the concentration gradient through a protein channel

Question 38

What are the most common elements/molecules in molecular pumps?

Answer 38

K+, Cl-, Na+

Question 39

Define endocytosis

Answer 39

moving large molecules into the cell

Question 40

Define exocytosis

Answer 40

move large molecules out of the cell

Question 41

How does endocytosis work?

Answer 41

The large molecule approaches the cell membrane, and the cell membrane wraps around it, forming a vesicle in the cell

Question 42

How does exocytosis work?

Answer 42

The vesicle approaches the cell, and the vesicle merges with the cell membrane, releasing the contents of the vesicle

Question 43

Name the two types of endocytosis

Answer 43

phagocytosis pinocytosis

Question 44

Define phagocytosis

Answer 44

endocytosis with solids

Question 45

Define pinocytosis

Answer 45

endocytosis with liquids