Concept 3

Question 1

Paleontology

Answer 1

Study of prehistoric life through the fossil record

Question 2

Morphology

Answer 2

Study of the form of living things

Question 3

Biogeography

Answer 3

Study of the geographic distribution of plants and animals

Question 4

Embryology

Answer 4

Study of embryo development

Question 5

Biochemistry

Answer 5

Study of chemical processes in living things

Question 6

Fossils

Answer 6

Preserved remains of organisms

Question 7

Endemic species

Answer 7

Species that exist only in one geographic region

Question 8

Pseudogenes

Answer 8

Nonfunctional genes

Question 9

Explain the role of transitional fossils in providing
evidence for evolution.

Answer 9

they help us piece together evolutionary history, by connecting extinct to current species.

Question 10

Explain the differences between homologous,
analogous, and vestigial structures. Be sure to indicate
which pattern of evolution leads to these structures as
well as an example of each

Answer 10

• Homologous: Same form due to common ancestry, but different function due to living in different environments.
• Result of divergent evolution
• Ex. Human and cat forelimbs
• Analogous: Same function due to same environment, but different form due to different ancestry.
• Result of convergent evolution
• Ex. A horse’s eye and a fly’s eye
• Vestigial: Useless but potentially leftover from a previous ancestor.
• Result of divergent evolution
• Ex. Leg bones in a whale

Question 11

Describe how biogeography and embryology provide
evidence of evolution.

Answer 11

• Biogeography matches what we predict happened with
  continental drift and provides evidence of divergent evolution.
• Embryology reveals that vertebrate embryos have many
  similarities when developing in the womb and thus could reflect common ancestry.

Question 12

List the two macromolecules that provide evidence for
evolution in the field of biochemistry.

Answer 12

Nucleic acids and proteins

Question 13

Describe an example from direct observation in the last
century that has provided evidence for evolution

Answer 13

The evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria, such as for
tuberculosis, can make it nearly impossible to cure certain
bacterial diseases.