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Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell > Concept 6.8: A cell is greater than the sum of its parts > Flashcards

Concept 6.8: A cell is greater than the sum of its parts Flashcards

1
Q

a sticky coat called the ____________________ holds the cells together

A

extracellular matrix

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2
Q

each cell is surrounded by a flexible _____________ with an incredible number of ______,____________, and ____________

A

plasma membrane, projections, docking stations, and channels

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3
Q

girders and cables make up the

A

cytoskeleton the structural framework of the cell

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4
Q

they also serve as tracks for

A

transporting cargo from one place to another

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5
Q

activity in the cell requires energy in the form of

A

ATP molecules

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6
Q

ATP molecules are made in the

A

mitochondrion

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7
Q

the mitochondrion outer membrane and inner membrane has numerous

A

infoldings

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8
Q

the molecules involved in making ATP are build into the

A

inner membrane

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9
Q

all those folds increase the inner surface area, enabling more

A

ATP to be made

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10
Q

the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the

A

nuclear envelope

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11
Q

the nucleus houses the genetic material of the

A

cell-DNA which carries the blueprints for making the cell’s proteins

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12
Q

almost _________ of DNA is crammed inside the nucleus

A

two meters

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13
Q

the DNA is wrapped around __________ like thread wrapped around spools

A

proteins

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14
Q

DNA is used as a template to make

A

mRNA

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15
Q

mRNA molecules travel from the nucleus to the

A

cytoplasm, carrying the instructions for making specific proteins

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16
Q

in the cytoplasm a ___________ clamps onto a strand of mRNA

A

ribosome

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17
Q

the ribosome ratchets along the mRNA, building a new __________

A

protein

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18
Q

some proteins stay in the

A

cytoplasm

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19
Q

others are processed in special compartments within the

A

cell

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20
Q

protein processing and certain other metabolic activities occur in the

A

endomembrane system, the cells network of internal membranes

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21
Q

is part of the endomembrane system

A

endoplasmic reticulum or ER

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22
Q

there are two types of ER what are they

A

rough and smooth

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23
Q

rough is ER is covered with

A

ribosomes

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24
Q

smooth ER lacks

A

ribosomes

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25
Q

lipids are made in the

A

smooth ER

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26
Q

in the rough ER you can still see the ribosomes on the

A

outside surface

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27
Q

the ribosome is manufacturing a new ________, which continues to grow inside the ER

A

protein

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28
Q

completed proteins move to the edge of the rough ER and depart in a

A

vesicle, that buds off from the ER membrane

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29
Q

completed proteins move to the edge of the rough ER and depart in a

A

vesicle, that buds off from the ER membrane

30
Q

some vesicles fuse with ____________________, another component of the endomembrane system

A

Golgi apparatus

31
Q

in the Golgi proteins undergo further

A

processing

32
Q

finished proteins are then packaged in ________ that pinch off from the Golgi and are transported along the

A

vesicles, cytoskeleton tracks

33
Q

some vesicles bind with the ____________________, secreting their contents outside the cell

A

plasma membrane

34
Q

other vesicles called ____________, contain digestive enzymes

A

lysosomes

35
Q

a lysosome fuses with a worn-out _____________ and breaks it down

A

mitochondrion

36
Q

a plant has a protective cell wall outside the

A

plasma membrane

37
Q

the cell wall is made from strong

A

cellulose fibrils

38
Q

inside the plant cell, the large central vacuole regulates the

A

composition of the cytoplasm

39
Q

cytoplasm, creates the internal pressure that is characteristic of plant cells and stores various _____________ produced by the cell

A

compounds

40
Q

plants make their own food by photosynthesis in

A

chloroplasts

41
Q

light passes through the ____________________ of the chloroplast and strikes green disk where light energy is converted to ___________________

A

two membranes, chemical energy

42
Q

the sugar molecules produced by photosynthesis can be made into

A

other molecules or broken down for energy

43
Q

all plant cells have ______________ just like animal cells do

A

mitochondria

44
Q

sugars produced by photosynthesis are broken down and converted to

A

ATP in mitochondria

45
Q

ATP powers the work of the

A

plant cells

46
Q

most organelles like mitochondria, are found in both

A

plant cells and animal cells

47
Q

It helps defend the mammalian body against infections by ingesting bacteria (the smaller cells) into phagocytic vesicles

A

macrophage

48
Q

interact with other elements of the cytoskeleton in these movements

A

Actin filaments

49
Q

after the macrophage engulfs the bacteria, they are destroyed b

A

lysosomes produced by the elaborate endomembrane system

50
Q

The digestive enzymes of the lysosomes and the proteins of the cytoskeleton are all made by

A

ribosomes.

51
Q

in animal cells peroxisome is the organelle that carries out

A

diverse metabolic processes and produces hydrogen peroxide

52
Q

hydrogen peroxide (H202) as a by-product which converts to

A

water (H2O)

53
Q

is the appendage that propels the cell

A

flagellum

54
Q

ribosome sub-units are made in the

A

nucleolus

55
Q

chromatin refers to the strands containing

A

DNA, along with associated protein

56
Q

the nucleus is a large

A

organelle

57
Q

it contains most of the genes that control the

A

cell

58
Q

the nuclear envelope is the double membrane that encloses the

A

nucleus

59
Q

the rough endoplasmic reticulum refers to the

A

membranous tubules and sacs where secretory proteins and membranes are manufactured

60
Q

the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the portion of the endomembrane system that is important in

A

lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage

61
Q

the Giglia apparatus is the organelle that

A

modifies, stores, and repackages products of the ER, mostly for secretion

62
Q

ribosomes are small structures that serve as the sites of

A

protein synthesis

63
Q

microtubules are the

A

rods that shape and support the cell and serve as tracks along which other organelles can move

64
Q

centrioles are cell components that are

A

identical in structure to basal bodies

65
Q

the organelle mitochondria carries out

A

cellular respiration

66
Q

cellular respiration is the process of converting the chemical energy of sugars and other molecules to

A

chemical energy in the form of ATP

67
Q

microfilaments are

A

thin, solid protein rods, especially numerous in muscle cells

68
Q

muscle cells are involved in

A

cell support and movement

69
Q

the plasma membrane acts as a

A

selective barrier, allowing the passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste

70
Q

the lysosome is where you find a stockpile of

A

digestive enzymes that are important in breaking down nutrients, breaking down bacteria, recycling and development

71
Q

cell is a living unit greater than the sum of its

A

parts.

Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell (7 decks)

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