Concept of Disaster Flashcards
(22 cards)
hazard
A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental
damage.
- can cause disasters
- may exposed/affected element
Natural Event
- any events that are natural
- not all are hazard - when it does not pose threat t life, environment, economy, and societal and poitical systems
disaster
- a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or society involving widespread human, material, economic and environmental losses and impacts which exceeds the ability of affected community or society to cope using its own resources
- actualization of hazard
disaster risk
- probability of harmful consequences or expected losses (death, injuries, property, livelihood, economic activity disrupted or environment damaged) resulting from interactions between natural or human-induced hazards and vulnerable conditions
- can only exist with both exposure and vulnerability; if the community have insufficien resilience, coping or adaptation capacities live in regions, hazards from extreme natural events or negative impacts of climate change exist
risk = chance x loss
formula of disaster risk
risk = exposure to hazard x vulnerability
or
risk = exposure x vulnerability / coping capacity
factors that affect risk to disasters of a country according to world risk index
- exposure
- vulnerability (susceptibility, coping capacity, adaptive capacity)
world risk index
- an approach to assess risk and vulnerability on a global scale
- included 200 indicators from scientifically recognize and publicly accessible sources
exposure
- impact of extreme natural events/negative consequences of climate change
- frequency and intensity of earthquakes, tsunami, coastal and river floods, cyclones, droughts, and sea level rise in an area with an exposed element
vulnerability
- capacities and disposition of people, household, and societies,
- indicates how easily and to what degree they can be destabilized, damages, or even destroyed by extreme events
- composed of susceptibility, lack of coping capacities
susceptibility
- structural characteristics and general conditions of societies that increase the overall likelihood of damage from disaster
- extent of resilience and resources of a population to mitigate the immediate consequences of extreme events
coping capacity
- abilities and measures of societies to encounter adverse impacts of disaster through direct actions and available resources (in the form of form of formally or informally organized activities and measures, and to reduce damage in the immediate aftermath of an event and initiate recovery
- ayuda, evacuation
adaptive capacity
long-term processes and strategies to achieve anticipatory changes in societal structures and systems to counteract, mitigate, or purposefully avoid future negative impacts
two ways to classify effects of disasters
types and categories
types of effects of disasters
- primary - direct effects
- secondary - indirect effects; stem from primary effects
- tertiary - long term effects
categories of effecs of disasters
- human/biological
- social
- physical/material
- psychological
- economic
- environmental
- political
categories: human/bio
-Injuries
-Disease Breakout
-Missing People
-Death
CATEGORIES: SOCIAL
- People suffer with permanent disabilities
(physical and psychological) which affects
societal structures, especially family. - Loss of family members
- Evacuation and relocation
- Disturbed indigenous communities
CATEGORIES: PHYSICAL/MATERIAL
- Damaged properties: collapsed buildings, roads
and bridges - Disturbed electrical and water supply
- Loss of homes, vehicles, business and other belongings
CATEGORIES: PSYCHOLOGICAL
- Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Depression
- Fear or Phobia
- Anxiety
- Despair
- Nervous Breakdown
- Other psychological disorders
CATEGORIES: ECONOMIC
- Damages have personal, local and national
economic impacts - Disruption in agriculture, production,
manufacture, flow of goods and services - Loss of livelihood
- Shortage
- Poor has limited to no access on commodities
CATEGORIES: ENVIRONMENTAL
- Destroyed forests, water, marine and agricultural
resources - Waste production
- Improper sanitation; pollution
- Epidemics caused by environmental degradation
- Exploitation of natural resources to meet the
urgent needs of affected people
CATEGORIES: POLITICAL
- Government response(local and national)
- Balancing funds/resources with the peoples’ needs
- Change in appointment
- Parties attacking another parties for government failure or
improper response - Issues in distribution of relief goods
- Strikes, protests, rebellion, revolution
- International support
