Concept of hazards

Question 1

Natural hazard

Answer 1

Events which are perceived to be a threat to people and the built and natural environments.

Question 2

Common nature of natural hazards

Answer 2

-clear origins
-short or no warning time
-involuntary exposure
-scale and intensity of the event requires an emergency response
-most losses to life and damage to property occur shortly after the event

Question 3

Potential impacts of natural hazards in general

Answer 3

-disruption to human systems
-including death and injury
-property and communication system damage
-disruption of economic activities

Question 4

Hazard perception

Answer 4

This is the way in which an individual or a group views the threat of a hazard event

Question 5

What is perception influenced by

Answer 5

-socio-economic status
-level of education occupation/employment status
-religion
-cultural/ethnic background
-family marital status
-past experience
-values
-personality and expectations.

Question 6

Fatalism

Answer 6

A view of a hazard event that suggests that people cannot influence or shape the outcome, therefore nothing can be done to mitigate against it- “Gods will”

Question 7

Prediction

Answer 7

The ability to forecast a hazardous event and then give warnings so that action can be taken to reduce their impact (monitoring)

Question 8

Adaption

Answer 8

attempts by people or communities to live with hazard events. By adjusting their living conditions, people are able to reduce their levels of vulnerability

Question 9

Mitigation

Answer 9

Long-term action taken to reduce or eliminate the risk to life and property from hazard events

Question 10

Integrated risk management

Answer 10

considering the social, economic and political factors involved in risk analysis
-prediction
-prevention
-protection

Question 11

Risk

Answer 11

exposure of people to a hazardous event presenting a potential threat to themselves, their possessions and the built environment

Question 12

Why do people take the risk to live in areas of hazards

Answer 12

-unpredictable
-lacks of alternatives due to social, political, economic
-changing levels of risk overtime
-cost/benefit e.g. California
-perception

Question 13

Risk sharing/community preparedness

Answer 13

sustained ability of a community to utilise available resources to respond to, withstand and recover from the effects of natural hazards. prearranged measures that aim to reduce:
-the loss of life
-property damage through public education and awareness programmes
-evacuation procedures
-the provision of emergency medical
-food and shelter supplies
-taking out of insurance

Question 14

Park Model

Answer 14

see mindmap

Question 15

Hazard management cycle summary

Answer 15

see mindmap