Concepts

Question 0

What are the five components of the nursing process?

Answer 0

Assess, diagnose, plan, implement, evaluate

Question 1

What are the four components if nursing care?

Answer 1

Person (recipient of care)

environment (internal or external)

health/wellness (degree of wellness)

nursing (attributes/characteristics and actions of nurse)

Question 3

True or false: “evidenced-based nursing practice uses knowledge and research to support clinical decision making”

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What are the components of a discipline?

Answer 4

Field of study

Rules or systems that govern conduct or activity

Soft versus hard disciplines

Question 5

What are the components of a profession?

Answer 5

Need for higher education

Need for a specific body of knowledge

Practical as well as theoretical

Strong internal organizations

Motivated by altruism

Question 6

Is the Neuman Systems Model an open or closed system?

Answer 6

Open system:
      Porous boundary
      Increased interaction
      Energy's role
*Changes frequently!*

Question 7

What was Bertalanffy’s model?

Answer 7

General systems model

Question 8

What was Selye’s theory?

Answer 8

Stress/adaption theory

Question 9

What was Caplan’s concept?

Answer 9

Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention

Question 10

What were Erikson’s stages about?

Answer 10

Stages of development

Question 11

What was Maslow’s contribution?

Answer 11

Hierarchy of needs

Question 12

Why did Betty Neuman create her model?

Answer 12

She wanted to provide a framework for nursing because she knew it was lacking in the field.

Question 13

According to Betty Neuman, what is the goal of nursing?

Answer 13

To assist individuals, families, and groups TO ATTAIN AND MAINTAIN MAXIMAL LEVEL OF TOTAL WELLNESS by purposeful intervention.

Question 14

According to Betty Neuman, what is the holistic approach?

Answer 14

Person is viewed as a composite of physiological, psychological, socio-cultural, spiritual and developmental variables that function as an open system.

Question 15

What is health/wellness?

Answer 15

Condition or degree of system stability.

Question 16

What are stressors?

Answer 16

Any stimuli that disrupts stability

Question 17

True or false: In the NSM, wellness is a continuum; when needs are unmet, illness often follows.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What are the five Neuman variables?

Answer 18

Physiological
Psychological
Socio-cultural
Developmental
Spiritual

Question 19

What are the 8 subconcepts of physiological variables?

Answer 19

Comfort
Mobility/neuro
Nutrition
Elimination
Oxygenation
Circulation
Sexuality
Safety

Question 20

What are some subconcepts that fever falls under?

Answer 20

Comfort, safety, nutrition,etc

Question 21

Describe the psychological variable

Answer 21

Refers to mental processes and relationships
(Orientation, thought patterns, communication patterns, coping mechanisms, self concept/self esteem, interpersonal relationships)

Question 22

Describe the socio-cultural variable

Answer 22

Refers to combined social and cultural factors

(Family background, support system, ethnic/family customs, health insurance, hobbies, employment)

Question 23

Describe the developmental variable

Answer 23

Appropriate developmental level with comparison of expected and exhibited behaviors
Erikson-developmenal stages
Piaget-thinking
Freud- Identity, sexuality, ego,etc.

Question 24

Describe the spiritual variable

Answer 24

Refers to faith and expression of faith, practicing beliefs, moral/ethical beliefs

Question 25

The patient has worked night shift for the past 20 years at a local factory: what variable does that assessment finding fall under?

Answer 25

Sociocultural

Question 26

The patient has a temperature of 101 degrees; what physiologic subconcept does this fall under?

Answer 26

Safety

Question 27

Describes stressors

Answer 27

Forces occurring within internal and external boundaries of the client system Time, intensity, nature of stressor, and condition of client (past and present) and amount of energy required by client to adjust, should all be considered Think about context when thinking about stressors

Question 28

What are intrapersonal stressors?

Answer 28

Occurring within the boundary of the client system

Question 29

What are interpersonal stressors?

Answer 29

Occurring outside the boundary of the client system at close range

Question 30

What are extrapersonal stressors?

Answer 30

Occurring outside the boundary of the client system at a distant range

Question 31

What is the basic structure?

Answer 31

Basic factors common to all organisms

Question 32

What are lines of resistance?

Answer 32

Surrounding and protecting the basic internal structure of the system

Question 33

What are normal lines of defense?

Answer 33

Protects system from common, everyday environmental stressors.

Question 34

What is the flexible line of defense?

Answer 34

Surrounds the normal line of defense and protects it from extreme environmental stressors

Question 35

Describe Intra-, Inter-, and Extra-, stressors within the Physiological variable

Answer 35

Intrapersonal: Poor nutrition, genetic weakness, loss of sleep, immobilization Interpersonal: Fight w/ injury, rape, abuse Extrapersonal: Virus (it's out there), germ, heat, cold

Question 36

Describe Intra-, Inter-, and Extra-, stressors within the psychological variable

Answer 36

Intrapersonal: Anxiety, fear, worry Interpersonal: Argument, conflict Extrapersonal: Loss of job, loss of spouse

Question 37

Describe Intra-, Inter-, and Extra-, stressors within the sociocultural variable

Answer 37

Intrapersonal: Noise, crowds Interpersonal: Different cultures Extrapersonal: Flood, war, recession

Question 38

Describe Intra-, Inter-, and Extra-, stressors within the developmental variable

Answer 38

Intrapersonal: Adolescence, aging, pregnancy Interpersonal: Parent, child Extrapersonal: AARP

Question 39

Describe Intra-, Inter-, and Extra-, stressors within the spiritual variable

Answer 39

Intrapersonal: Values conflict, lack of purpose, lack of direction Interpersonal: Values conflict Extrapersonal: Values conflict

Question 40

What is the overall goal of the NSM?

Answer 40

Goal is to keep client system stable Nursing actions are initiated to retain, attain, and maintain optimal client health using prevention as intervention

Question 41

What is primary prevention?

Answer 41

Wellness retention; protect client's NLD by strengthening flexible line of defense

Question 42

What is secondary prevention?

Answer 42

Wellness attainment; protect basic structure by strengthening internal lines of resistance

Question 43

What is tertiary prevention?

Answer 43

Wellness maintenance; protects client system reconstitution or return to wellness following treatment.

Question 44

What are some of Florence Nightingales contributions to nursing?

Answer 44

Recognizing two components of nursing (health and wellness) Established standards for hospital management and standards for nursing education Identifying personal needs of the patient

Question 45

What is the definition of a nurse?

Answer 45

"Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations." ANA