Concepts

Question 1

Name the 8 elements of human Identity.

Answer 1

Place, Language, Religion, Ethnicity, Nationality, Community, Class, and Gender.

Question 2

Define Place

Answer 2

The spaces human occupy that can either be material or symbolic. Part of our individual or collective identity.

Question 3

Define Language

Answer 3

Language is the principle expression of culture and can embody or create a particular view on the world.

Question 4

Define Religion

Answer 4

Religion is the question of human meaning and human presence in the world. Plays a role in the considerations of human relations with nature and landscapes. Plays a role in the formation of presumed ethnic identities.

Question 5

Define the spatial perspective.

Answer 5

The approach that geographers take when looking at the study of human and physical environments of the earth, a view of observing variations in geographic phenomena on the earth’s surface.

Question 6

Define Ethnicity

Answer 6

Refers to the presumed distinctiveness of ones group relative to anothers based on a presumed shared history that could have political associations.

Question 7

Define Nationality

Answer 7

Refers to how humans are divided into cultures or political units known as nation states. Based on an imaginary community based on nation states.

Question 8

Define Community

Answer 8

Has connotations of loyalty, shared concerns, and personal contact.

Question 9

Define Class

Answer 9

Could be social or economic. A collective conciousness and organization within class. Your class impacts ones culture, work education, location, neighborhood, culture etc.

Question 10

Define Gender

Answer 10

Refers to attributes that are culturally ascribed to women and men. It is a cultural concept subject to change. There is no link between gender and biological sex. Like class, gender can impact ones culture, work, education etc.

Question 11

Define Space

Answer 11

SPace is a product of human activity and humans are in turn agents of this product. If you would like to explain it you must construct a model of it.

Question 12

What is human Geography?

Answer 12

Human Geography looks at the connections between culture and the places people live. It is looking at how events in one part of the world affect other parts. It looks at how people are spatially distributed and how people and places interact.

Question 13

Physical Geography vs Human Geography

Answer 13

PG is the study of patterns and processes of the earths natural or physical environments, icluding climate, topography, geology, soild and ecosystems. HG is The study of patterns and processes of the earth’s human or social environments, including population change, economies, cultures, politics, settlements, and human interactions with the natural environment.

Question 14

Space vs Spatial

Answer 14

Space: The areal extent of something; used in both absolute (objective) and relative (perceptual) forms
Spatial: Refers to space on the earths surface; synonymous with geographic.

Question 15

Define Perception

Answer 15

The processes by which humans acquire information about physical and social environments; a way of interpreting one’s lived experience.

Question 16

Define Mental (perceptual) Maps

Answer 16

An image or spatial representation (map) of the way space is organized, as influenced by an individuals knowledge or lived experience in that space.

Question 18

Define Geographic Scale

Answer 18

the relationship between the size of a geographic feature on a map and the corresponding actual size of the feature on the earths surface.

Question 19

Define Location

Answer 19

A particular position in space; a specific part of the earths surface; used in absolute, relative, and nominal forms.

Question 20

Define toponym

Answer 20

The comman name given to a location; a place name.

Question 21

What are the different kinds of toponyms?

Answer 21

Personal; ex. Hamilton, Ontario (after George Hamilton)
Imported; ex. London, Ontario (after London, UK)
Indigenous; ex. Canada (after Huron-Iroqouis Kanata meaning village)
Religious; ex. Saint John, New Brunswick
Physical Features; ex Grand Prairie, Alberta
Plant or Animal; ex. Trout Lake, Alberta
Economic; ex. Uranium CIty, Saskatchewan
Event-related; ex. Battle Harbour, Newfoundland
Optimistic/Pessimistic; ex. Lover’s Point, Manitoba
Controversial; ex. Kenaston Boul.

Question 22

Define Site

Answer 22

The physical attributes of a location, including topography, climate, water resources, vegetation, and so on.

Question 23

Defien situation

Answer 23

The geographic context of a location, relative to other locations, including its economic, political, and social characteristics.

Question 24

Placelessness

Answer 24

The nature of locations that lack uniqueness or individual character, used for homogeneous and standardized landscapes.

Question 25

Region

Answer 25

A part of the earth's surface that displays internal homogeneity and its relatively distinct from sourrounding areas according to certain criteria, a contagious spatial unit.

Question 26

Regionalization

Answer 26

The process of characterizing locations or area of the earths surface into various regions.

Question 27

What is a formal (or uniform) region?

Answer 27

An area (region) that pocesses a certain degree of uniformity with respect to one or more physical or cultural traits.

Question 28

What are functional (or nodal) regions?

Answer 28

An area (region) organized around a node or focal point, and unified by specific economic, political, or social activity.

Question 29

What is a Vernacular (or perceptual) region?

Answer 29

A area (region) identified on the basis of the perceptions held by people inside or outside the region, or both.

Question 30

Define distance

Answer 30

A measure of the amount of space between two or more locations, can be measured in both absolute terms (physical distance) and relative terms (time distance, economic distance, or phycological distance).

Question 31

Define distribution

Answer 31

The spatial arrangment of geographic phenomena within an area, include density, concentration, and pattern.

Question 32

Define Density

Answer 32

A measure of the relationship between the number of geographic phenomena and a unit of area; typically expressed as a ratio.

Question 33

Define Concentration

Answer 33

The spread of geographic phenomena over a given area.

Question 34

Clustered concentration vs Dispersed Concentration

Answer 34

Clustered: occurs when the distance between geographic phenomena is small, clustering occurs when geographic phenomena move closer together, sometimes around a nucleus. Dispersed: Occurs when the distance between geographic phenomena is large, dispersion occurs when geographic phenomena move apart from one another.

Question 35

Define Pattern

Answer 35

The geometric, regular, or other (random) spatial arrangment of geographic phenomena in a given area.

Question 36

Define diffusion

Answer 36

The process of geographical phenomena spreading over space and through time.

Question 37

Define cultural diffusion

Answer 37

The process of cultural phenomena spreading over space and through time Hearth: the area where a particluar idea originates.

Question 38

Define Relocation diffusion

Answer 38

One or two basic forms of diffusion, in which the geographic phenomena are physically moved from area to another, such as through immigration or trade.

Question 39

Define expansion diffusion

Answer 39

Diffusion in which geographic phenomena spread from one region to another through an additive process.

Question 40

Contagious diffusion

Answer 40

Diffusion in which geographic phenomena spread rapidly and throughout an area.

Question 41

Define heirarchal diffusion

Answer 41

Diffusion in which geographic phenomena spread first to key people or places and then gradually throughout the rest of a population or an area.

Question 42

Define Cartography

Answer 42

Th art and science of making maps.

Question 43

Define latitude

Answer 43

The angular distance of a point on the surface of the earth, measured in degrees, minutes, seconds, north and south of the equator, (0 degrees) lines of contant latitude are called parallels.

Question 44

Define Longitude

Answer 44

The angualar distance of a point on the surface of the earth, measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds, east and west of the prime meridian which runs through greenwich, UK) line of constant longitude are called meridian.

Question 45

Map scale

Answer 45

The relationship between the size of a geographic feature on a map and the corresponding actual size of the feature on the earth's surface.

Question 46

What is a map projection?

Answer 46

A process to transform the spherical earth's surface onto a two dimensional map, a process to transfer locations from the earths surface onto a flat map.

Question 47

What is a reference map?

Answer 47

A map portraying the absolute locations of places and geographic phenomena using a standard frame of reference, such as the global grid (longitude and latitude)

Question 48

What is a thematic map?

Answer 48

An analytical tool to illustrate and emphasize the spatial version of a particular teme or attribute.

Question 49

What is a dot map?

Answer 49

A thematic map where dots or scale-adjusted symbols represent geographic phenomena.

Question 50

Chloropeth map vs. Isopleth Map

Answer 50

Chloropleth: a thematic map using colour or shading to indicate intensity of geographic phenomena in a given area. Isopleth: A thematic map using lines to connect locations of an equal value with respect to geographic phenomena.

Question 51

Define cartogram

Answer 51

A thematic map where the size and shape of spatial areas are intentionally distorted and replaced by the relatove magnitude of the geographic phenomena.