Concepts

Question 1

Compensation

Answer 1

When the body attempts to maintain constant cardiac output when one of the components is compromised

Question 2

Cardiac Output

Definition + Abbreviation

Answer 2

Volume of blood pumped per minute

CO

Question 3

Stroke Volume

Definition + Abbreviation

Answer 3

Volume of blood ejected from the heart with each beat

SV

Question 4

Cardiac Output

Equation

Answer 4

CO = SV x HR

Question 5

Blood Pressure

Equation

Answer 5

BP = CO x SVR

Question 6

Systemic Vascular Resistance

Definition + Abbreviation

Answer 6

The resistance applied to the blood flow as a result of vessels adjusting their diameter

Question 7

Describe the process following the scenario

Hernandez has been shot + losing blood
(80mL per pump)

Answer 7

1. Blood volume will drop, resulting in blood pressure dropping
2. Body will compensate for low BP by increasing HR, and SVR. BP will increase
3. Hernandez will have increased BP and VERY increased HR
4. When body can no longer compensate, it will decompensate, and Hernandez will deteriorate very quickly

Question 8

Handover

Answer 8

I - Identification
M - Main Concern
I - Injuries
S - Signs + Symptoms
T - Treatments + Trends

A - Allergies
M - Medication
B - Background
O - Other

Question 9

Clinical Red Flags

Vitals

Answer 9

HR over 120
RR over 30
BP below 90
SpO2 less than 90%
GCS less than 13

Question 10

Clinical Red Flags

Conditions

Answer 10

Stridor
First Presentation Seizure
Anaphylaxis
Acute Coronary Syndrome
Ectopic Pregnancy
Primary Obstetric Issue
Stroke/ TIA
Sudden Onset Headache
Unable To Walk (unusually)
Post Tonsillectomy Bleeding (Up to 14 days)

Question 11

Clinical Yellow Flags

Answer 11

Ongoing Patient or Carer Concern
Infection Not Responding
Immunocompromised With Infection
Recent Surgical Procedure
Significant, Unexplained Pain
Syncope
Abdominal Pain

AND

Have Capability to Attend GP or Hospital
Be Read Referral Advice Script

Question 12

Patient Safety

Diagnostic Errors

Answer 12

Diagnostic Uncertainty
Bias + Human Factors
Elderly + Frail
Communcation Difficulty
Drug or Alcohol Intoxication
HIstory of Mental Health Problems
Indigenous
More than 5 Current Medications
Multiple Comorbidities
Complex Medical History
Rare Medical Condition
Highly Emotive Scene

Question 13

Patient Safety

Social/Environmental Risk

Answer 13

Risk to Patient Safety
Poor Health Literacy
Adequte Shelter + Warmth

Question 14

Patient Safety

Deterioration

Answer 14

Expected Clinical Course / Trajectory
Borderline Vital Signs
Past History (Stroke, Falls, TIA, AF, Anticoagulation)
Failure to Respond to Community Based Treatment as Expected

Question 15

Patient Safety

Acces to Care

Answer 15

Supply of Required Medication
Ability to Access Necessary Healthcare Resources