Concepts & Authors

Question 1

Commodity Fetishism

Answer 1

Marx/Lukcas
- occurs when the consumer is not in touch with the process of production. (contributes to false concioussness, preveting individuals from recognicing the exploitive nature of capitalism)

Question 2

Reification

Answer 2

Lukcas
- when you treat something immaterial — like happiness, fear, or evil — as a material thing.
- commodities and the capitlist system beome reified obscuring the underlying social relations and alienationg individuals from a true understanding of there condition

Question 3

Class Concioussness

Answer 3

Lukcas
- the point when individuals recognize their class status or place economically against other individuals

Question 4

Orthodox Marxism

Answer 4

focus on determinsim and positivism

Question 5

western marxism

Answer 5

subjective experience and consciousness of individuals, acknowledging human agnecy in historical change

Question 6

Ideology State Apparatuses (ISA’s) (Control through Ideology)

Answer 6

Althusser
- institutions that contribute to the reproduction of ideology (religion, education, familar, cultural, media)
- influence beliefs and values, maintian social order

Question 7

Repressive State Apparatuses (RSA’s) (Control through Violence)

Answer 7

Althusser
- maintaining social order through force or repression (police, military, government)

Question 8

Interpellation

Answer 8

Althusser
- how RSA’s and ISA’s work together
- the individual isn’t autonomous
- the individual is allows to accept/celebrate capitalist exploitation

Question 9

Hegemony

Answer 9

Gramsci
a form of social control that extends beyond coersion and force - form of leadership that is based on the consent of the governed rather than soley on coersion

Question 10

War of Position

Answer 10

Gramsci
long-term struggle within civil society to establish and consolidate hegemony (battle of ideas, values & cultural influence)

Question 11

War of Maneuver

Answer 11

Gramsci
immediate, direct confrontions (political-military struggles)

Question 12

Cruel Optimism

Answer 12

Berlant
as a form of attachment to a desired object or state of being that ultimately hinders ones well-being

Question 13

Culture as a concept

Answer 13

Arnold
seeks to do away with classes, not bound, freedom of thorugh, state as organ of collective self

Question 14

Cultural Hegemony

Answer 14

Williams
dominate classes shape and control cultural discourse to maintain their social and political power

Question 15

Cultural Materialism

Answer 15

Williams
emphaizes the material conditions of soceity and their influence on culture.
explores connections between economic and cultural changes, rejecting a strict seperation between material and symbolic realms

Question 16

The Field of Cultural Production

Answer 16

Bourdieu
value and rewards (in one sense) disinterestdness (art for arts sake, indiference to the probability of art making)

Question 17

The economic world reversed

Answer 17

Bourdieu
values and rewards interest, and so interesdness as a dispostion

Question 18

Culture Industy

Answer 18

Adorno & Horhiemer
- TV, film - moved knowledge, promotion of a classless soceity

Question 19

Habitus

Answer 19

the individuals resources, their “capital” (economic, social , cultural)

Question 20

Doxa

Answer 20

rules of the space/field

Question 21

Standardization

Answer 21

their is a commodity for everyone, illusion of choice

Question 22

Hegemonic Enterprises

Answer 22

mass media - illusions of being bias free
english language - language of the educated
franchising - forgein production

Question 23

The illusion of the Epoch

Answer 23

Karl Marx

Question 24

“The Fetishism of Commodities, and the Secret thereof”

Answer 24

Karl Marx

Question 25

Introduction, the proletariat, labour movements

Answer 25

Fredrich Engel

Question 26

History and Class Conciousness

Answer 26

George Lukcas
- Reification
- commodity fetishism
- OTHODOX MARXISM
- WESTERN MARXISM

Question 27

-Idelogy and Ideological State Apparatuses

Answer 27

Loius Altusser
- ISA (education as primary)
- RIS
Interpellation

Question 28

Hegemony, Relations of Force, Historical Bloc

Answer 28

Antonio Gramsci
- Hegemony
- Historical Bloc
War of position and war of maneuver

Question 29

Historical Bloc

Answer 29

coalition of scial groups and classes, particular form of hegemony

Question 30

Culture and society

Answer 30

rayomond williams
- cultural hegemony (culture reenforces power structures)