Concepts before midterm Flashcards
Porters competitive forces model
Threat of new competitors
Bargaining power of suppliers
Bargaining power of buyers
Threat of substitutes
Rivalry among existing firms
Strategies for competitive advantage
Cost leadership
Differentiation
Innovation
Operational effectiveness
Customer orientation
Strategies for competitive advantage
Cost leadership
Differentiation
Innovation
Operational effectiveness
Customer orientation
Types of computer based systems
functional area information systems FAIS
Payroll and accounting
Enterprise resource planning ERP
Integrates all organizational systems
Transaction Processing systems TPS
Monitor day-to-day operations
Interorganizational systems IOS
Support supply chain management and ecomerce
Types of computer based systems
functional area information systems FAIS
Payroll and accounting
Enterprise resource planning ERP
Integrates all organizational systems
Transaction Processing systems TPS
Monitor day-to-day operations
Interorganizational systems IOS
Support supply chain management and ecomerce
4 types of information systems
- TPS
(Transaction Processing Systems): Automates routine transactions. - MIS
(Management Information Systems): Provides information for decision-making. - DSS
(Decision Support Systems): Helps make decisions by analyzing data. - EIS
(Executive Information Systems): Supports higher-level decision-making.
Information system : FAIS
functional area information systems
Payroll and accounting
ERP information system
Enterprise resource planning
Integrates all organizational systems
Data Hierarchy 6:
Bit → Byte → Field → Record → Table → Database.
KMS Cycle:
CCRSMD
a. Create: Generate new knowledge. b. Capture: Document knowledge. c. Refine: Improve and ensure knowledge is accurate. d. Store: Keep knowledge safe and accessible. e. Manage: Maintain the knowledge system. f. Disseminate: Share knowledge across the organization.
Limitations of E-Commerce:
- Security concerns: Lack of universally accepted standards in protecting transactions
- Telecommunications bandwidth issues in less-developed countries.
- How people feel about the insecurity in e-commerce.
- Legal issues remain unresolved.
- Lack of critical mass of buyers/sellers in some regions.
Ethical approaches 5
a. Utilitarian Approach: Ethical action does the most good or least harm.
b. Rights Approach: Protects and respects the rights of affected parties.
c. Fairness Approach: Treats all humans equally, or fairly if unequal treatment is necessary.
d. Common Good Approach: Respect and compassion for others.
e. Deontology Approach: Actions are right or wrong based on rules, not consequences.
steps for ethics in decision making
- Recognize the ethical issue
- Get the facts
- Evaluate alternative actions
- Make a decision
5.Act and reflect on the outcome.
Privacy Codes, opt-out and opt-in models
- Opt-out Model: Users are automatically included unless they opt out.
- Opt-in Model: Users must actively choose to participate.
International Privacy Standards
- Europe: Strong privacy laws (e.g., GDPR).
- USA: Less regulated, some state laws (e.g., COPPA, HIPAA).
- Canada: PIPEDA governs personal information handling.
Types of Resources for cloud computing
a. Virtualized servers: Divides physical servers into virtual ones.
b. Server farms: Large-scale networked servers in data centers.
what are virualized servers?
Virtualized servers use software to split a single physical server into multiple virtual ones, maximizing efficiency.
what are server farms?
Server farms are large-scale groups of physical servers working together in data centers to handle enormous computing tasks.
six Components of IT Infrastructure:
a. Hardware
b. Software
c. Networks
d. Databases
e. People
f, Procedures
Types of Clouds
- Public Cloud: Available to the general public (e.g., Amazon EC2).
- Private Cloud: Exclusive to one organization (e.g., private cloud for Gmail).
- Hybrid Cloud: Combination of public and private clouds.
- Multicloud: Services from multiple vendors.
- Vertical Cloud: Cloud services optimized for specific industries (e.g., automotive).
Cloud Computing Services
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):
a. Provides physical infrastructure (CPU, storage).
b. E.g., Amazon EC2, S3. - Platform as a Service (PaaS):
a. Application development platforms.
b. E.g., Google App Engine. - Software as a Service (SaaS):
a. Complete business applications (end-user focus).
b. E.g., Google Docs, Salesforce. - Function as a Service (FaaS):
a. Executes specific functions (e.g., AWS Lambda). - Security as a Service (SECaaS):
a. Provides security solutions (e.g., AWS Cloud Security).
Benefits of Cloud Computing
- Improved Accessibility: Employees can access data from any device, anywhere.
- Cost Savings: Long-term savings compared to on-premise infrastructure.
- Flexibility: Quickly scale resources based on business needs.
Concerns and Risks with Cloud Computing
- Legacy Systems: Older systems may not easily migrate to the cloud.
- Reliability: Cloud systems can suffer from getting old, unlike on-premise setups.
- Privacy: Data stored by cloud providers can pose privacy risks.
- security
- The “Big Three” Cloud Vendors
- Amazon Web Services (AWS)
- Microsoft Azure
- Google Cloud
