Concepts in Cardiac Assessement- Tyler

Question 1

S3 is normal sound in ______

Answer 1

kids

Question 2

What causes the S1 sounds?

Answer 2

closure of mitral valve

Question 3

S3 and S4 are (diastolic/systolic) sounds?

Answer 3

diastolic

Question 4

What type of split S2 describes delayed closure of pulmonic valve on INSPIRATION?

Answer 4

Wide physiologic split

Question 5

What type of split S2 describes prolonged ventricular systole?

Answer 5

fixed splitting

Question 6

What type of split S2 describes closure of aortic valve after P2 on EXPIRATION?

Answer 6

paradoxical split

Question 7

What heart sound reflects atrial contraction into non compliant ventricle?

Answer 7

S4

Question 8

What heart sound (S1,2,3,4) do you expect to hear in aortic stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 8

S4

Question 9

What heart sound (S1,2,3,4) do you hear with LV failure?

Answer 9

S3

Question 10

Tricuspid Regurg and VSD can be heard in which of the following

a. LLSB
b. RUSB
c. Left midclavicular line
d. LUSB

Answer 10

a. LLSB

Question 11

Grade the following murmur: loud with palpable thrill?

Answer 11

4/6

Question 12

Grade the following murmur: very faint, may not be heard in all positions

Answer 12

1/6

Question 13

Grade the following murmur: moderately loud, NO THRILl

Answer 13

3/6

Question 14

Grade the following murmur: very loud with thrill, can be heard with stethoscope entirely off chest?

Answer 14

6/6

Question 15

What is the classic triad of aortic stenosis?

Answer 15

SAD

syncope, angina, dypnea

Question 16

Common cause of aortic stenosis, especially in older poeple?

Answer 16

calcific valve degeneration

Question 17

Decreased carotid pulse (parvus e tardus) is noted for which murmur on PE ?

Answer 17

aortic stenosis

Question 18

Aortic stenosis gets LOUDer with __________?

Answer 18

squatting

Question 19

Systolic crecendo-decrescendo , harsh murmur, radiates to sternal notch?

Answer 19

Aortic Stenosis

Question 20

Medical therapy is not enough to treat ______ (murmur) instead, surgical intervention provides more survival.

Answer 20

aortic stenosis

Question 21

ACUTE aortic regurg has two types _______ +________

Answer 21

native & prosthetic

Question 22

Native acute AR is caused by what 3 things?

Answer 22

1. endocarditis
2. typeA dissection
3. Trauma

Question 23

Prothetic acute AR is caused by what 3 things?

Answer 23

1. tissue leaflet rupture
   2 paravavular regurg
2. mechanical valve closure problem

Question 24

(Acute/ Chronic) AR presents with pulmonary edema and low CO?

Answer 24

ACUTE

Question 25

(Ac cercise tolerance ?

Answer 25

Chronic

Question 26

(Acute/ Chronic) AR is caused by rheumatic fever, aortic root dilation, or endocarditis?

Answer 26

Chronic

Question 27

(Acute/ Chronic) AR is due to valve deformity?

Answer 27

chronic

Question 28

Diastolic Decrescendo, high pitched murmur at LSB?

Answer 28

aortic regurg

Question 29

Must monitor pts with AR using ECHO to follow ______size and function?

Answer 29

Left ventricular

Question 30

Avoid vasodilator for _______ and use vasodilators for _______(AR/AS)?

Answer 30

1. AS | 2. AR

Question 31

Tricuspid regurg is a result of ______ dilation

Answer 31

right ventricular

Question 32

IV drug abusers will have _________ (murmur)

Answer 32

Tricuspid regurg

Question 33

Systolic Holosystolic blowing murmur LSB ?

Answer 33

Tricuspid Regurg

Question 34

Unlike VSD, __________(murmur) increases with inspiration? (Both are heard at LLSB)

Answer 34

Tricuspid Regurg

Question 35

Large jugular V waves are indicative of -__________ (murmur)

Answer 35

TR

Question 36

Diastolic Low pitch, rumbling, with opening snap?

Answer 36

mitral stenosis

Question 37

The MORE sever the Mitral stenosis the _______ (smaller/larger) the s2-OPening snap interval?

Answer 37

SMALLER

Question 38

The s2-OS interval is _________ proportional to the severity of MS

Answer 38

inversely (more severe= smaller interval)

Question 39

Most common cause of Mitral stenosis?

Answer 39

rheumatic fever

Question 40

What is the triad of CXR findings for mitral stenosis?

Answer 40

1. prominent Pulm artery vascularity 2. enlarged LEFT atrium 3. normal size LV

Question 41

Systolic , upper LSB, fixed split of S2?

Answer 41

ASD

Question 42

Enlarged RV, Right axis deviation and RBBB on EKG are findings associated with _______ (murmur)

Answer 42

ASD ( right sided, because ASD causes volume load increase on RIGHT side)

Question 43

Patient with ASD often develops __________ (arrythmia)

Answer 43

atrial fibrillation

Question 44

Most common heart defect in children?

Answer 44

VSD

Question 45

systolic, holosystolic murmur with thrill at LLSB ?

Answer 45

VSD

Question 46

Continuous machine like murmur at LUSB?

Answer 46

PDA