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Question 1

This extremely bright purple dye was discovered by accident in the 19th century by a chemist trying to synthesize quinine as a malaria cure.

Answer 1

Mauveine

Question 2

What do you call a substance that fixes dye permanently in fabric?

Answer 2

Mordant

Question 3

Which of the following fabric dyes is not derived from an animal?
A. Kermes
B. Cochineal
C. Indigo
D. Murex

Answer 3

C. Indigo

Question 4

If I want to dye something a nice blue color, I could use what?

Answer 4

Woad

Question 5

A red, yellow, or brown pigment derived from mud, metal, rock, or earth would be a type of:

Answer 5

Ochre

Question 6

One of the earliest pigments used by prehistoric humans was carbon black. How was it obtained?

Answer 6

by burning wood

Question 7

Murex was prized by the Romans (among other civilizations) for its rich color - and only rich people were allowed to use it. What color does it produce?

Answer 7

Purple

Question 8

How old are the earliest surviving examples of dyed fabric?

Answer 8

5,000 to 6,000 years old

Question 9

How is a dye different from paint?

Answer 9

A dye actually chemically bonds with what is being dyed, paints do not.

Question 10

Natural dye may be made from plants, animals, and minerals. Which dye is derived from an animal?
A. Madder
B. Cutch
C. Indigo
D. Cochineal

Answer 10

D. Cochineal

Question 11

Before dyeing your wool, you’ll need to soak it in a chemical that will improve the colorfastness and quality of the dye. What are such chemicals called?

Answer 11

Mordants

Question 12

Which of the following is not commonly used to improve the colorfastness and quality of dye?
A. Alum
B. Copper
C. Silver
D. Iron

Answer 12

C. Silver

Question 13

Which of the following has not been a source of red dye?
A. Cochineal
B. Eucalyptus
C. Madder
D. Cutch

Answer 13

D. Cutch

Question 14

A traditional blue dye for both cloth and people in the British Iles, this dye was produced from a plant, in ages past, by fermenting its leaves with urine.

Answer 14

Woad

Question 15

Tyrian purple was one of the most-valued color in antiquity, because purple dyes were so rare. From what was it obtained?

Answer 15

Shellfish

Question 16

Which pure color is most difficult to obtain through just one natural dye?

Answer 16

Green

Question 17

The earliest pigment use we know of is from the ——————.

Answer 17

Lower Paleolithic Age (350,000 years ago)

Question 18

Some evidence shows that textile dyeing dates back as early as the —————– or New Stone Age, which took place around 10,200 BCE.

Answer 18

Neolithic Period

Question 19

Dyed flax fibers have been found in prehistoric caves in the —————- from before 36,000 BP.

Answer 19

Republic of Georgia

Question 20

In ———- and ——–, dyeing has been happening for over 5,000 years.

Answer 20

India , Palestine

Question 21

Some data state that dyeing was done more than —— years ago because of the evidence of dyed fabrics found in Egyptian tombs.

Answer 21

4,000

Question 22

During ———– to ———- BCE, the period when fixed settlements and textiles were being developed, dyes were also used.

Answer 22

7200 , 2000

Question 23

In ————-, dye guilds developed their dye stuffs and methods under strict secrecy. People were very competitive and some were even killed for their knowledge.

Answer 23

Medieval times

Question 24

The first synthetic dye was ——— and was discovered by ———– in ———.

Answer 24

mauve, William Henry Perkin, 1856

Question 25

Define dyes.

Answer 25

-colored substance that chemically bonds to the substrate to which it is being applied. -this distinguishes dyes from pigments that do not chemically bind to the material they color. -the dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution, and may require a mordant to improve fastness of the dye on the fiber. -not all colored organic substances are dyes. -only organic molecules of considerable complexity are useful as dyes.

Question 26

Cochineal dyes are derived from the dry bodies of the insect --------------------, which lives on the Cactus Rhynchota

Answer 26

Dactylopius Coccus

Question 27

Scientific name of Cutch

Answer 27

Acacia Catechu

Question 28

--- is a dye made from the heart wood of the acacia tree and used in India long before the birth of Christ.

Answer 28

Cutch

Question 29

-------- is a large genus with over ------- species that thrive in many of the warmer regions of the world.

Answer 29

Acacia, 500

Question 30

Has been used as a brown dye in India for over 2000 years.

Answer 30

Bombay Catechu

Question 31

-------- was found in the ancient time periods in the Middle East as a brown dye for textiles which was also found in ancient Egypt.

Answer 31

Indian cutch

Question 32

------- is cultivated in the West Indies, Central and South Americas, and historically, the wood imported from Cuba was considered to be superior to the rest.

Answer 32

Fustic

Question 33

Fustic dyestuff was first introduced into Europe via ------- in ------ and later directly imported by several countries in very large quantities.

Answer 33

Spain , 1510

Question 34

---------- is probably a native of the eastern part of India, but has been cultivated for many centuries throughout the Near East and North Africa.

Answer 34

Henna

Question 35

The Ancient Egyptians used henna for --------, ---------, and even ---------.

Answer 35

dyeing their nails, the palms of their hands, and even the soles of their feet

Question 36

Henna is found in which countries? (4)

Answer 36

Palestine, North Africa, India, Persia, and other countries with warm climates.

Question 37

---------- was introduced to Europe in the 16th century.

Answer 37

Logwood

Question 38

In the 19th century, it became one of the most important natural dyes. -also was originally used for purple and violet shades on tin or alum which are not particularly fast to light

Answer 38

Logwood

Question 39

During the -------, the use of natural dyes slowly declined, and the rise of synthetic dyes started taking place, and it happened for a number of reasons.

Answer 39

1850s

Question 40

The study of ----- and ---- also laid the groundwork for the rise of synthetic dye use. In ----, coal tar was not widely used. However, it still attracted the attention of a lot of chemists as being a source of new organic compounds.

Answer 40

coal and tar, 1850

Question 41

In ----, teenager -------- accidentally discovered a dye he called mauve while trying to make QUININE in his home lab.

Answer 41

1856, William Henry Perkin

Question 42

What exactly happened in William Henry Perkin's experiment that led to his discovery of mauve?

Answer 42

Perkin was trying to convert an artificial base into natural alkaloid quinine. Instead of getting a colorless quinine, he ended up with a reddish powder. This intrigued him and he decided to experiment further. He tried adding aniline - a different base with a simpler construction. This created a perfectly black product. After purification, drying, and washing it with alcohol, Perkin had a MAUVE DYE.

Question 43

To develop large-scale production methods for his starting materials, William Henry Perkin built a factory at ----------. At first he called the dye ANILINE PURPLE, but following its success in France, it was renamed mauve (or mauveine), after the french word for the ------------------.

Answer 43

Greenford Green in Middlesex, purple mallow flower

Question 44

French Empress -------- wore a dress dyed with mauve and it became one of Queen Victoria's favorite colors.

Answer 44

Eugenie

Question 45

From ----- to ------, even British 'penny lilac' postage stamps were colored mauve.

Answer 45

1881-1901

Question 46

Like many 'natural' dyes, ------ and ------ are simple molecules, but until 1868 their chemical structures were completely unknown. In that year, ------ was shown chemically to be derived from the hydrocarbon anthracene, obtained, of course, from coal tar.

Answer 46

Alizarin and indigo, alizarin

Question 47

For half a century, ------- dominated the synthetic dyestuffs (and drugs) industry, with companies like -----, ----, -----, and ----. Ironically several of the chemists employed by these companies had learned their trade with British dye manufacturers before returning to -------.

Answer 47

Germany, AGFA, BASF, Bayer, and Hoechst Germany

Question 48

By ------, Germany was exporting about 135,000 tonnes of dyes compared to Britain's 5,000 tonnes.

Answer 48

1913

Question 49

In -----, the British government was forced to revitalize its chemical industry by bringing together several companies under the name IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES (ICI).

Answer 49

1926

Question 50

Color chemists set about developing new synthetic dyestuffs for use on the growing range of new synthetic fibers, like ------- and -------, that were being developed at the time (1926) and couldn't be dyed using traditional methods.

Answer 50

nylon and terylene

Question 51

Today, the world's dyestuffs industry produces around -------- tonnes of synthetic dye each year.

Answer 51

500,000

Question 52

Earliest written record of the use of dyestuffs in China

Answer 52

2600 BC

Question 53

Wool dyeing established as craft in Rome

Answer 53

715 BC

Question 54

Alexander finds 190-year-old purple robes when he conquers Susa, the Persian capital. They were in the royal treasury and said to be worth 6 million dollars (equivalent).

Answer 54

331 BC

Question 55

Alexander the Great mentions "beautiful printed cottons" in India

Answer 55

327 BC

Question 56

An Egyptian papyrus mentions dyers as "stinking of fish, with tired eyes and hands working unceasingly"

Answer 56

236 BC

Question 57

Romans found painted people "picti" in Gaul dyeing themselves with Woad (same chemical content color as indigo)

Answer 57

55 BC

Question 58

Roman graves found with madder and indigo dyed textiles, replacing the old Imperial Purple (purpura)

Answer 58

2nd and 3rd Centuries AD

Question 59

papyrus found in a grave contains the oldest type recipe known, for imitating purple

Answer 59

3rd Century

Question 60

The Wool Dyers' Guilds first initiated in Germany

Answer 60

925

Question 61

the first mention of Guilds for Dyers in London

Answer 61

1188

Question 62

dyeing cloth "in the wood" was introduced in England: logwood, fustic, etc.

Answer 62

1614

Question 63

Indigo begins to be grown in England, after the Revolution when it became cheaper to import from the East Indies.

Answer 63

1745

Question 64

Swedish chemist, Scheele, discovered chlorine destroyed vegetable colors by observing a cork in a bottle or hydrochloric acid.

Answer 64

1774

Question 65

Prussian Blue and Sulphuric acid available commercially. Prussian Blue formed from prussite of potash and iron salt.

Answer 65

1774

Question 66

Bell, England, who had invented printing from plates, developed roller printing.

Answer 66

1785

Question 67

William Henry Perkin discovered the first synthetic dye stuff "Mauve"

Answer 67

1856

Question 68

Magenta (fuchsin) discovered by VERGUIN the 2nd basic dye and more widely used than Mauve

Answer 68

1858-59

Question 69

Methyl violet, basic dye, by Lauth

Answer 69

1861

Question 70

Hofmann's Violet, Hofmann was one of the great dye chemists of all time

Answer 70

1862

Question 71

Bismarck Brown developed by Martius and Lightfoot, first soluble azo dye

Answer 71

1862

Question 72

Aniline Black, developed by Lightfoot, a black produced by oxidation of aniline on the cotton fiber.

Answer 72

1863

Question 73

Methyl violet, basic dye

Answer 73

1866

Question 74

1st sulfur dye

Answer 74

1873

Question 75

Malachite Green, basic dye by Dobner and Fisher

Answer 75

1877

Question 76

Biebrich Scarlet invented a very pure red acid dye.

Answer 76

1878