Condensed

Question 1

What did Mendel propose?

Answer 1

existence of genes, alleles, and dominance.

Question 2

Who rediscovered Mendel’s work?

Answer 2

Bateson

Question 3

Mitosis produces:

Meiosis produces:

Answer 3

Mitosis- two identical cells

Meiosis- unique gametes

Question 4

Mitosis can take place in ___ or ___

Answer 4

Haploid or diploid

Question 5

Meiosis can only occur in ___ cells

Answer 5

Diploid

Question 6

Meiosis is the process during-

Answer 6

which recombination occurs and the overall chromosome number is halved.

Question 7

What is Mendel’s first law?

Answer 7

Members of a gene pair separate equally into gametes

Question 8

What is Mendel’s second law?

Answer 8

Independent assortment

Question 9

How do prokaryotes multiply?

Answer 9

Binary fission

Question 10

How do bacteria carry their DNA?

Answer 10

A circular genome and circular plasmids

Question 11

Transformation:

Answer 11

DNA is taken up from its environment

Question 12

What are the 3 mechanisms for bacterial DNA exchange?

Answer 12

Transformation

Transduction

Conjugation

Question 13

How many mechanisms for bacterial DNA transfer did we cover?

Answer 13

3

Question 14

Transduction:

Answer 14

Receiving DNA from viruses

Question 15

Conjugation:

Answer 15

receiving DNA from another cell

Question 16

Conjugation can result in transfer of ___ or ___

Answer 16

Plasmids or genomic DNA

Question 17

Vertical transmission:

Horizontal transmission:

Answer 17

Vertical - parents to offspring

Horizontal - between the same generation

Question 18

How do prokaryotes multiply?

Answer 18

Binary fission

Question 19

How do bacteria carry their DNA?

Answer 19

A circular genome and circular plasmids

Question 20

What carries genes that influence bacteria traits?

Answer 20

Plasmids

Question 21

Transformation:

Answer 21

DNA is taken up from its environment

Question 22

What are the 3 mechanisms for bacterial DNA exchange?

Answer 22

Transformation

Transduction

Conjugation

Question 23

How many mechanisms for bacterial DNA transfer did we cover?

Answer 23

3

Question 24

Transduction:

Answer 24

Receiving DNA from viruses

Question 25

Conjugation:

Answer 25

receiving DNA from another cell

Question 26

Conjugation can result in transfer of ___ or \_\_\_

Answer 26

Plasmids or genomic DNA

Question 27

Vertical transmission: Horizontal transmission:

Answer 27

Vertical - parents to offspring Horizontal - between the same generation

Question 28

Complementation

Answer 28

Occurs when two strains of an organism with different homozygous recessive mutations that produce the same mutant phenotype have offspring that express the wild-type phenotype when mated or crossed.

Question 29

Epistasis:

Answer 29

Phenotype of double mutants depart from the expectations based on single mutants the expression of one gene is modified by the expression of one of more other genes

Question 30

Recessive epistasis:

Answer 30

When the recessive allele of one gene masks the effects of either allele at the second gene

Question 31

Dominant epistasis:

Answer 31

When the dominant allele of one gene masks the effects of the either allele at the second gene

Question 32

Two ways that genes can interact

Answer 32

1. Interactions between alleles of the same gene 2. Interactions berween two or more different genes

Question 33

With **complete dominance**, this intermediate level will be sufficient, resulting in Wild Type Why?

Answer 33

Happlosufficient With Complete Dominance there is enough gene activity in the heterozygote

Question 34

___ occurs when one Wild Type copy of a gene is insufficient Why?

Answer 34

Happloinsufficiency There is **not** enough gene activity in the heterozygote

Question 35

What is a dominant negative?

Answer 35

It does not function properly and it impairs the wild type allele

Question 36

What is codominance?

Answer 36

Heterzygote exhibits the phenotypes associated with both alleles of a gene

Question 37

What is a X-linked allele

Answer 37

An allele that is only carried on X chromosomes. Males only have 1 X chromosome so they only need 1 allele to manifest the trait

Question 38

What organelles have DNA?

Answer 38

Mitochondria -mtDNA Chloroplasts - cpDNA

Question 39

What is a continuous trait? What are they also called?

Answer 39

A trait influenced by multiple genes. Polygenes or Quantitative Trait Loci

Question 40

What is independent assortment

Answer 40

different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop.