Conditional Statements Flashcards
Hypothetical statement rather than a concrete fact.
Conditional Statement
Asserts concrete fact.
Absolute Statement
The truth of one condition guarantees the truth of the other.
Conditional Statement
________ guarantees the necessary condition.
Sufficient condition
If ______ —> Then_____
Conditional Statement
If Mary lives in DC, then Mary is a nurse.
Conditional Statement
Mary is a nurse.
Absolute Statement
Two Types or Valid Inferences
1) Valid Affirmation
2) Contrapositive
Two Types of Invalid Inferences
1) Fallacy or Converse
2) Fallacy or Inverse
Affirming the sufficient condition allows us to conclude that the necessary condition is true.
Valid Affirmation
The absence of the necessary condition allows us to conclude that the sufficient condition is also absent.
Contrapositive
Affirming the necessary condition doesn’t make the sufficient condition true.
Fallacy of the Converse
(Invalid Inference)
A person that loves to help people doesn’t guarantee they are a doctor.
This is an example of…
Fallacy of the Converse
(Invalid Inference)
When you try to negate both conditions.
Fallacy of the Inverse
(Invalid Inference)
People who do not like to help people are not doctors.
This is an example of…
Fallacy of the Inverse
(Invalid Inference)
If you do not love to help people, then you are not a doctor.
This is an example of…
Contrapositive
(Valid Inference)
If you are a doctor, then you like to help people.
This is an example of…
Conditional Statement /
Valid Affirmation /
Value Inference
If you are thrill seeking, you will adopt the habit of regularly skydiving without a parachute.
Thrill Seeking —> Regular Skydiving without a parachute
What is the Contrapositive?
If you are thrill seeking without a parachute, then you are a thrill seeker.
If you are thrill seeking, you will adopt the habit of regularly skydiving without a parachute.
Thrill Seeking —> Regular Skydiving without a parachute
What is the Converse Fallacy?
If you are skydiving without a parachute, then you are a thrill seeker.
If you are thrill seeking, you will adopt the habit of regularly skydiving without a parachute.
Thrill Seeking —> Regular Skydiving without a parachute
What is the Inverse Fallacy?
If you are not thrill-seeking, you will not adopt habit or skydiving without a parachute.
Keywords Conditional Statements: Sufficient Condition (If)
If
When
Whenever
All
Any
Each
Every
“The only” + concept
Keywords Conditional Statements: Necessary Condition
Only if
Only
Only when
Then
Depends
Needs
Essential
Requires
Must
Keywords Conditional Statements:
Bi-Conditional Relationship
“If and only if”
“If but only if”
Keywords Conditional Statements: Sufficient Condition (If not)
If not
Unless + concept
Without
Until
Except
