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Buzzwords Specialty Exam > Conditions > Flashcards

Conditions Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Target sign on abdominal ultrasound. Pulls legs up to chest.

A

Intussusception - the invagination of one portion of bowel into the lumen of the adjacent bowel, most commonly around the ileo-caecal region.

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2
Q

Low set ears, webbed neck, widely spaced nipples.

A

Turner’s Syndrome.

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3
Q

TTP - smear result

A

Schistocytes

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4
Q

Multiple petechiae and excessive bruising after illness/infection or immunisation.

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura.

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5
Q

Barking cough.

A

Croup.

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6
Q

Red lips, swollen hands and feet, rash, fever>5 days

A

Kawasaki disease.

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7
Q

T-wave inversion. Which electrolyte imbalance

A

Hypokalaemia.

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8
Q

Mid-cycle pain.

A

Mittelschmerz - very common pain associated with a small amount of fluid released during ovulation.

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9
Q

Deep dyspareunia, pelvic pain, bleeding.

A

Endometriosis.

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10
Q

Sudden onset of deep, colicky abdominal pain. Vomiting and distress. Adnexial tenderness.

A

Ovarian torsion.

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11
Q

Symptoms of pregnancy with pain and bleeding. Adnexial tenderness. Shoulder tip pain.

A

Ectopic pregnancy.

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12
Q

Bilateral lower abdominal pain, dysuria, vaginal discharge. Pregnancy test negative.

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease.

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13
Q

‘Fishy’ vaginal discharge.

A

Bacterial vaginosis.

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14
Q

‘Cottage cheese’ discharge.

A

Thrush. (Candida)

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15
Q

Green, yellow or frothy vaginal discharge

A

Trichomoniasis.

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16
Q

Vaginal discharge with blisters or sores. 

A

Genital herpes.

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17
Q

Vaginal discharge with pelvic pain or bleeding. 

A

Chlamydia or gonorrhoea.

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18
Q

Strawberry cervix.

A

Trichomonas.

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19
Q

Hypochloraemic hypokalaemic alkalosis.

A

Pyloric stenosis.

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20
Q

Inspiratory stridor in a newborn, otherwise systemically well, eating and drinking well. Noisy breathing, worsening over time.

A

Laryngomalacia - congenital abnormality of the larynx. Normally resolves by 2 years of age.

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21
Q

Baby born with micrognathia, low-set ears, rocker bottom feet and overlapping of fingers

A

Edward’s syndrome (Trisomy 18).

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22
Q

Newborn with episodes of shortness of breath, hypercyanosis and a ventricular murmur on auscultation.

A

Tetralogy of Fallot.

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23
Q

Whirlpool sign on USS of right iliac fossa.

A

Ovarian torsion.

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24
Q

Chocolate Cysts

A

Endometriotic cyst

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25
Post partum haemorrhage definition
>500ml blood loss from genital tract within 24 hrs of baby delivery
26
Uterine bleeding up to 6 weeks post-partum containing blood, mucus, uterine tissue
Lochia
27
Sudden onset intense pain in a woman with endometriosis. Free fluid in pelvis.
Ruptured Endometrioma
28
How long must symptoms be present for a dx of PTSD
At least 4 weeks
29
Drooling kid.
Epiglotitis
30
Gene mutation asso with Urinary tract abnormalities
PAX 2
31
How does biliary atresia present
Obstructive jaundice picture Faltering growth Liver failure within 2 years
32
What scans can you do to investigate urinary tract problems in paeds
DMSA - detects scarring (S for Scarring) | MCUG - micturating cystourethrogram - visualise anatomy
33
How long for testes to descend?
Normally by 3 months Up to 6 months is normal 24 years and counting if you're toby
34
Management of undescended testes
If unilateral - review at 3 months - then refer if persists If bilateral at birth - check pituitary/refrer to endo Descent determined by testosterone levels Can manage surgically - orchidoplexy Medical is b-hCG
35
What is encopresis, what is the usual cause, how is it managed
Children >4 (toilet trained) shitting their pants Usually bc overflow constipation Enquire about psyc stressors, diet, medications
36
What is bronchopulmonary dysplasia | What the main RFs
Chronic lung disease in newbord | RFs: Premature, Artificial ventilation, O2 toxicity, infection
37
What is Eisenmenger Syndrome and Tx
Cyanotic heart disease formed by: untreated L -> R shunt LEADING TO higher pulmonary resistance LEADING TO shunt decreasing and then reverses at age 10-15, kid becomes cyanotic, dies from RHF Tx Heart and lung transplant
38
Valve damage caused by rheumatic fever
Mitral Stenosis
39
What is Chondromalacia Patellae. Who commonly gets it. What is the management
Anterior knee pain from degeneration of articular cartilage on posterior side of patella "grating sensation" Commonly seen in overactive kids Refer to Physio to strengthen quads
40
What is osteochondritis dissecans
Overuse related joint pain caused by cartilage/bone cracks -> avascular necrosis -> fragmentation of tissue that is free-floating -> pain
41
Tic disorder - Definition, How can they be treated
fast, repetitive muscle movements that result in sudden and difficult to control body jolts or sounds Most resolve Can treat with Resperidone if severe
42
Management of fibroids pre-suregery
GnRH agonist (Triptorelin)
43
Treatment for GORD
Breastfed: Breastfeeding assessment, Alginate, PPI Formula: Review feeding history (little and often), Thick formula, Alginate, PPI
44
Management of Constipation
No impaction: Laxatives, Movicol, Stimulant, behavioural Impaction: Movicol, Stimulant, Behavioural
45
Pyloric stenosis Surgical Treatment
Ramstedt Pyloromyotomy
46
Intussusception Management
1st: Rectal air insufflation 2nd: surgical reduction + abs If recurrent - check for lead point
47
Causes of early (<24 hrs) neonatal jaundice
TORCH organisms - Toxo, Other (syphilis), Rubella, CMV, HSV Red cell defects - G6PD Deficiency, rhesus/ABO incompatibility, PK deficiency, Hereditary spherocytosis
48
Causes of neonatal jaundice
Breast milk | Bruising
49
Causes of late neonatal jaundice
Biliary Atresia Congenital Hypothyroid Neonatal Hepatitis
50
Neonatal Jaundice Ix
TC bilirubin (low risk) - Jaundice >24hrs or born >35 weeks Serum bilirubin (high risk) - Jaundice <24hrs or born <35 weeks
51
How does phototherapy work for neonatal jaundice?
Transforms bilirubin to water soluble form
52
What treatment is given if Phototherapy is insufficient
IVIG (for blood disorders)
53
What Tx if phototherapy threshold is exceeded?
Exchange transfusion
54
Ebstein's anomaly
Inferiorly placed dysplatic tricuspid valve
55
Test for cyanotic heart disease
Hyperoxia test is best
56
TGA CXR finding
Egg on a string
57
TOF CXR finding
Boot-shaped heart
58
ASD murmur
Ejection systolic | Left sternal edge
59
VSD murmur
Pansystolic murmur | Left sternal edge
60
AVSD association
Asso with downs | May lead to Pulomary hypertension
61
PDA murmur and Tx
Machinery like murmur below left clavicle Should close in first month Tx with NSAIDS or indomethacin
62
Complications of acyanotic heart disease
HF Faltering growth Chest infections IE
63
Eisenmenger syndrome
64
Anaphylaxis treatmetn
``` IM adrenaline - 1:1000 age adjusted doses Repeat Adrenaline infusion (refractory) ``` Can use O2, fluids, Chlorphenamine throughout NO STEROIDS
65
Shock - Fluids quantities
10ml/kg saline
66
Rehydration fluids calculation
%defecit x weight x 10 = volume in ML over 48 hours
67
Maintenance fluids
``` 0-10kg = 20ml/kg 10-20kg = 10ml/kg 20kg+ = 5ml/kg ``` All over 24 hours Need to double check this card

Buzzwords Specialty Exam (4 decks)

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