conditions

Question 1

alkene → polymer

Answer 1

high pressure + catalyst

Question 2

alkene → dihalogenoalkane

Answer 2

halogen + room temperature

Question 3

dihalogenoalkane → diol

Answer 3

aqueous KOH; heat under reflux

Question 4

alkene → diol

Answer 4

cold acidified KMnO4; RTP

Question 5

alkene → halogenoalkane

Answer 5

HX; RTP

Question 6

halogenoalkane → amine

Answer 6

ethanolic NH3; heat in sealed tube / under pressure

Question 7

halogenoalkane → nitrile

Answer 7

ethanolic KCN; heat under reflux

Question 8

halogenoalkane → alcohol

Answer 8

aqueous NaOH; heat under reflux

Question 9

alkene → alcohol

Answer 9

steam; 330 degrees heat; H3PO4 catalyst

Question 10

alcohol → alkene

Answer 10

heat [170]; Al2O3 or concentrated acid [excess H2SO4]

Question 11

alcohol → aldehyde

Answer 11

K2Cr2O7; acidifed; dilute H2SO4; heat gently in water bath and distill

Question 12

alcohol → ketone

Answer 12

K2Cr2O7; acidifed; heat under reflux; H2SO4

Question 13

aldehyde → carboxylic acid

Answer 13

K2Cr2O7; acidifed; heat under reflux; excess H2SO4

Question 14

carbonyl → alcohol

Answer 14

alcoholic aqueous NaBH4

Question 15

carboxylic acid → alcohol

Answer 15

LiAlH4 in dry ether

Question 16

carbonyl → hydroxynitrile

Answer 16

HCN; KCN catalyst; heat

Question 17

alcohol / carboxylic acid → ester

Answer 17

concentrated H2SO4 catalyst heat under reflux

Question 18

carboxylic acid → acyl chloride

Answer 18

PCl3 + heat; PCl5; SOCl2

Question 19

alcohol → halogenoalkane

Answer 19

HX + H2SO4 [H3PO4 for iodine] + heat; PCl3 + heat; PCl5; SOCl2

Question 20

nitrile → carboxylic acid

Answer 20

heat under reflux; HCl/NaOH

Question 21

methyl ketone → CHI3

Answer 21

I2 + NaOH → excess NaOH [hydrolysis]

Question 22

halogenoalkane → alkene

Answer 22

alcoholic KOH and NaOH; heat under reflux