conditions Flashcards
(25 cards)
MI signs and symptoms
- Chest pain but this can radiate to neck, arms, jaw and back and any pain above the belly button could be signs of cardiac pain: Crushing or heavy, Tight band, Comes over seconds to minutes lasting longer than 15 mins
- Pale, grey, ashen
- Diaphoretic – excessive sweating
- Shortness of breath
- Nausea/ vomiting
- Clammy and cold to the touch
- Sense of impending doom
- Breathlessness
- Feeling faint
asthma signa and symptoms
- Expiratory wheeze
- Shortness of breath
- Tightness in chest
- Pale, clammy
- Increased heart rate
- Anxiety/ fear
- Altered conscious level
- Exhaustion
- Cyanosis
- Silent chest
- Poor respiratory effort
- Hypotension
- Arrhythmia
- PEF <33% best or predicted
- SpO2 <92%
hypoglycaemia signs and symptoms
- Confusion
- Aggression/ combative
- Sweating
- Trembling/shaking
- Hunger/ thrust
- Drowsiness/ lack of coordination
- Speech difficulty
- Headaches
- Could be unconscious, convulsing
- Palpations
- Nausea
- Unconscious
oxygen
o Route – inhalation through high concentration oxygen mask, venturi mask or BVM
o Dosage – titrate to effect to keep oxygen levels to 94-98%
o Contraindications – explosive environments
aspirin
o Route –tablet, can be chewed or dissolved in water
o Dosage – 1, 300 milligram tablet
o Contraindications – severe hepatic failure, haemophilia or other clotting disorders, allergy or sensitivity, gastrointestinal bleeding, under the age of 16
GTN
o Route – sublingual spray
o Dosage – 400-800 milligrams, 1-2 sprays concentration of GTN is 400 milligrams, no limit
o Contraindications – systolic less than 90mmHg, hypovolaemia, head trauma, cerebral haemorrhage, used Viagra in the last 24 hours, unconscious patients, known severe aortic or mitral stenosis
Entonox
o Route – gas via face mask
o Dosage – self-administered
o Contraindications – chest injury, severe head injuries with impaired consciousness, decompression sickness, violently disturbed psychiatric patients, intraocular injection of gas within the last eight weeks, abdominal pain where intestinal obstruction is suspected
morphine
o Route – intravenous, oral
o Dosage – IV – 10 milligrams, 5-minute interval at 20 milligram maximum. Oral – 20 milligrams, 60-minute intervals, 40 milligram max dose
o Contraindications – under 1 years old, respiratory depression (<10), hypertension (< 90mmHg), head injury with significantly impaired level of consciousness, known hypersensitivity to morphine
MI drugs
- oxygen
- aspirin
- GTN
- Entonox
- morphine
salbutamol
o Route – through a nebuliser
o Dosage – 5 milligrams, with 6-8 litres per minute of oxygen, dose interval of 5 mins with no limit
o Contraindications – none in an emergency situation
ipratropium bromide
o Route – through a nebuliser
o Dosage – 500 micrograms with 6-8 litres of oxygen, single dose
o Contraindications – none in the emergency situation
hydrocortisone
o Route – IV or IM slow injection over 2 minutes
o Dosage – 100 milligrams, single dose
o Contraindications – known allergy to the drug, where patient has adrenal crisis
asthma drugs
- oxygen
- salbutamol
- ipratropium bromide
- hydrocortisone
BM <4 conscious and can swallow
Oral glucose gel, sugary sweets, sugary cold drinks, up to 3 times, repeat blood glucose after 10-15 minutes. IM can be given once
BM <4 unable to swallow/ combative
o IV or IM if IV access is not possible
o Retest after 10 mins
glucose 40% oral gel
o Route – squeezed between the teeth and the gums
o Dosage – 10-20 grams, repeat dose every 15 mins, no max
o Contraindications – none
glucagon IM
o Route – intramuscular, into the antero-lateral aspect of the thigh or upper arm
o Dosage – 1 milligram, max dose/ single dose, should be administer if oral is not affective and or IV access not possible
o Contraindications – pheochromocytoma, NOT given IV as this causes vomiting
10% glucose IV
o Route – intravenous infusion
o Dosage – 10grams, repeat after 5 mins if no improvement, max dose 30 grams. IV infusion 50g glucose in 500ml
o Contraindications – IM or subcutaneous injection
order of answer
- signs and symptoms
- explain assessment and management of the patient
- assessment
- history
- clinical assessment
- management
- follow up treatment
elements of history taking
- presenting complaint
- pain assessment
- past medical history
- drug history
- allergies
- family history
- social history
airways
– is it patient (vomit or food etc), observing the tongue, any signs of swelling, looking to see any signs of cyanosis, strider
breathing
what is the rate, rhythm, sounds, wheezing, bilateral, effective, symmetry, equal rise and fall of the chest, SpO2 monitor
circulation
pulse rate, rhythm, and strength bilaterally, capillary refill (applying pressure for up to 10 seconds then releasing and time how long it takes for the skin to return to the original colour), colour of the skin, blood pressure
disability
blood sugar, temperature, 4 lead ECG
