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Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Shock

A

Description: when organs and tissues in the body don’t receive adequate blood supply
Risk Factors: bleeding, heart attack , severe infection, falling BP
S/S: pale, gray, bluish, discolored skin; staring; increased pulse and RR; low BP; extreme thirst
Treatment: lie pt down, elevate legs 8-12 in, maintain normal body temp
Notes: NPO

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2
Q

Poisoning

A

Description:
Risk Factors:
S/S: vomiting, heavy difficult breathing, very drowsy, confusion, burns around the mouth
Treatment:
Notes:

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3
Q

1st Degree Burn

A

Description: burn that affects the 1st layer of skin
Risk Factors:
S/S: discolored, painful, swollen, no blisters
Treatment: clean with cool water, cover w/ a dry clean dressing
Notes:

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4
Q

2nd degree burn

A

Description: burned that affects the 1st and 2nd layers of skin
Risk Factors:
S/S: discolored, painful, swollen, blisters
Treatment: clean with cool water, cover w/ a dry clean dressing
Notes:

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5
Q

3rd degree burn

A

Description: burn that affects all 3 layers of skin
Risk factors:
S/S: shiny and hard skin; looks white, deep red, or charred black
Treatment: cover wound w/ sterile gauze or a clean sheet
Notes: NPO

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6
Q

Seizure

A

Description: involuntary muscle contractions
Risk factors: abnormalities in the brain, children w/ high fever, head injury
S/S:
Treatment: protect head, clear surroundings, turn on left side after seizure
Notes: NPO

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7
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

Description: when the heart muscle doesn’t receive enough oxygen b/c blood vessels are blocked
Risk factors:
S/S: sudden chest pain, heartburn, N/V, SOB, discolored skin, perspiration, cold and clammy skin, weak and irregular HR, low BP, anxiety and sense of doom
Treatment: place pt in a comfy position, loosen clothing around neck
Notes: NPO

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8
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

Description: cancer of the plasma cells
Risk factors:
S/S: anemia, fatigue, weakness, weight loss, frequent infections
Treatment:
Notes:

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9
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident

A
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10
Q

Transient ischemic attack

A
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11
Q

HIV

A
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12
Q

Hep B

A
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13
Q

Hep C

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14
Q

Hep D

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15
Q

Hep E

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16
Q

Hypoglycemia

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17
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A
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18
Q
A
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19
Q

Alzhiemer’s disease

A
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20
Q

Chlamydia

A
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21
Q

Syphilis

A
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22
Q

Gonorrhea

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23
Q

Genital herpes

A
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24
Q

Genital HPV infection

A
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25
Hydrocele
26
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
27
Prostate cancer
28
Testicular cancer
29
Vaginitis
30
Uterine fibroids
31
Endometriosis
32
Cervical cancer
33
Placenta previa
34
Placental abruption
35
Postpartum depression
36
Appendicitis
37
Epstein barr virus
38
Mononucleosis
39
Lupus
40
AIDS
41
HIV
42
AIDS dementia complex
43
Lymphedema
44
lymphoma
45
Parkinson's disease
46
Multiple sclerosis
47
Glaucoma
48
Diabetic retinopathy
49
Age-related macular degeneration
50
MRSA
51
VRE
52
CRE
53
C. Diff
54
Constipation
Description: inability to eliminate stool or the infrequent, difficult, and often painful elimination of hard, dry stool Risk factors: decreased fluid intake, poor diet/lack of fiber, inactivity, meds, aging, ignoring the urge to eliminate S/S: abd swelling, gas. Irritability, no recent BM Treatment: increasing amount of fiber and fluids, increasing activity level, meds, enema, rectal suppository Notes:
55
Fecal Impaction
Description: a hard stool that is stuck in the rectum and cannot be expelled Risk factors: unrelieved constipation S/S: no stool for several days, oozing of liquid stool, cramping, abd swelling, rectal pain Treatment: insertion of 1 or 2 gloved fingers into the rectum to break the mass into fragments Notes: prevent through high-fiber diet, plenty of fluids, increased activity level
56
Hemorrhoids
Description: enlarged veins in the rectum Risk factors: chronic constipation, obesity, pregnancy, chronic diarrhea, overuse of laxatives and enemas, straining during BM S/S: rectal itching, burning, pain, bleeding during BM Treatment: adding more fiber into diet, increasing fluid intake, meds, compresses, sitz baths Notes: when cleaning the anal area be careful to avoid causing pain and bleeding
57
Diarrhea
Description: frequent elimination of liquid or semi liquid feces Risk factors: bacterial and viral infections, microorganisms in food/water, irritating foods, meds S/S: abd cramps, urgency, N/V Treatment: meds, increase fluids, temporary change of diet Notes: diet focuses on soft, low-fiber foods w/ few seasonings
58
Fecal Incontinence
Description: inability to control the bowels Risk factors: constipation, muscle and nerve damage, loss of storage capacity in the rectum, diarrhea S/S: Treatment: change in diet, med, bowel training, surgery Notes:
59
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Description: chronic condition where liquid contents of the stomach back up into the esophagus Risk factors: S/S: burning sensation (heartburn), causes bleeding and ulcers Treatment: meds, serving the evening meal 3 to 4 hours before bedtime, preventing pt from lying flat 2 to 3 hrs after eating Notes: frequent heartburn can cause ulceration
60
Peptic Ulcers
Description: raw sores in the stomach Risk factors: excessive acid secretion, H. pylori (digestive bacterium) S/S: dull or burning pain 1 to 3 hrs after eating, belching, vomiting, bleeding, black stool Treatment: antacids, antibiotics, change in diet (bland diet) Notes:
61
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Description: condition that causes diarrhea and/or constipation on a regular basis Risk factors: result of problems in communication between the NS and the digestive tract S/S: bloating, abd pain, gas, diarrhea, constipation Treatment: meds, diet changes Notes: stress may worsen symptoms; fried foods, fatty foods, caffeine, and alcohol are common triggers
62
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Description: term for conditions in which the bowel is chronically inflamed Risk factors: caused by improper immune system response S/S: Treatment: Notes: forms of IBD = ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease
63
Ulcerative Colitis
Description: chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine Risk factors: S/S: cramping, diarrhea, pain occurring on one side of the lower abdomen, rectal bleeding, loss of appetite, weight loss Treatment: colostomy, meds Notes: can cause intestinal bleeding and death, causes a continuous area of damage that may spread
64
Crohn’s Disease
Description: chronic inflammatory disease that commonly affects the small intestine Risk factors: S/S: symptoms similar to ulcerative colitis Treatment: ileostomy, meds Notes: inflammation may occur in patches
65
Diverticulosis
Description: small pouches called diverticula form in the colon Risk factors: age S/S: Treatment: Notes: inflamed diverticula causes diverticulitis
66
Diverticulitis
Description: inflammation of diverticula Risk factors: diverticulosis S/S: fever, abd pain and tenderness, N/V, diarrhea Treatment: oral antibiotics, IV antibiotics, surgery, colostomy Notes: rupture of an infected pouch into the abd cavity can cause peritonitis. Scarring can cause a bowel obstruction
67
UTI
68
Kidney stones
69
Renovascular hypertension
70
Chronic renal failure (CRF)
71
Renal cell cancer
72
Bladder cancer
73
Hyperthyroidism
Description: thyroid produces too much thyroid hormone Risk factors: S/S: increased metabolism, sped up body processes, weight loss, rapid HR, sweating, nervousness Treatment: meds, removal of thyroid Notes:
74
Graves’ Disease
Description: autoimmune disorder, often causes hyperthyroidism Risk factors: S/S: rapid HR, palpitations, dizziness, tremors, weight loss, exophthalmia (bulging eyes) Treatment: Notes:
75
Thyroticix Crisis
Description: life-threatening condition causes by a rapid rise in thyroid hormone levels Risk factors: untreated hyperthyroidism S/S: rapid or irregular HR, confusion, difficulty breathing Treatment: removing thyroid gland, meds to prevent thyroid from producing hormones Notes:
76
Hypothryoidism
Description: body lacks thyroid hormone Risk factors: hashimoto's thyroiditis S/S: slow metabolism, fatigue, weight gain, constipation, intolerance to cold, dry skin, hair loss, slow HR, low BP Treatment: thyroid hormone meds Notes:
77
Congenital Hypothyroidism
Description: affects infants and children Risk factors: iodine deficiency during pregnancy S/S: stunted growth and development, intellectual deficits Treatment: hormone replacement Notes:
78
Myxedema
Description: complication of untreated hypothyroidism that can affect teenagers and adults Risk factors: S/S: dry skin, hair loss, intolerance to cold, fatigue, heavy bleeding during menstruation Treatment: hormone replacement Notes:

PCT (20 decks)

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