Conditions

Question 1

Condition: CXR

Increased vascular marking in hilar region

Kerley B lines (thick interlobe septum)

Interstitial/Alveolar Infiltrates

Pleural effusion

Answer 1

Pulmonary Edema

Question 2

Condition: PFT

Decreased FEV1

Decreased FEV1/FVC

Increased FRC

Increased TLC

Increased RV

Normal Ventilation/Perfusion Ratio

Answer 2

Emphysema

Question 3

Condition: ABG

Min-Mod decreased PaO2

Slight incresaed PaCO2

Normal hematocrit

Normal pulmonary artery pressure

Answer 3

Emphysema

Question 4

Condition: Symptoms

Cough w/copious mucopurulent sputum

Fetid breath (halitosis)

Recurrent hemoptysis

Answer 4

Bronchiectasis

Question 5

Condition: CXR

Size and shape of cardiac silhouette

Alveolar edema

Pleural Effusion

Atelectasis

Answer 5

CHF

Question 6

Condition: ABG

Decreased PaO2

Increased pH

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 6

Pulmonary Edema

Question 7

Condition: Breath Sounds

Wet Rales

Decreased sounds

May Wheeze

Answer 7

Pulmonary Edema

Question 8

Condition: PFT

FEV1 < 65%

REV1/FVC < 70%

Decreased VC

Decreased dynamic lung compliance

Increased RV

Answer 8

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 9

Condition: Breath Sounds

Rales/Crackles

Answer 9

Bronchiectasis

Question 10

Condition: Etiology

Inflammation of lung parenchya

Acquired from community or hospital

Answer 10

Pneumonia

Question 11

Condition: CV Findings

S3

Answer 11

CHF

Question 12

Condition: PFT

If large = decreased lung volumes

Normal flow rates

Normal DL CO2

RESTRICTIVE

Answer 12

Pulmonary Effusion

Question 13

Condition: Breath Sounds

Bubbling rales

Rhonchi

Bronchial

Pleural friction rub

Egophony

Whispered pectoriloquy

Consolidation

Answer 13

Pneumonia

Question 14

Condition: ABG

Arterial hypoxemia

CO2 retention

Anemia

Answer 14

Bronchiectasis

Question 15

Condition: CV Findings

Tachycardia

Answer 15

Pneumonia

Question 16

Condition: CV Findings

Hx of MI, L ventricular failure, aortic or mitral valve disease, cardiomyopathy

Answer 16

Pulmonary Edema

Question 17

Condition: CV Findings

R Cor Pulmonale

Answer 17

IPF

Question 18

Condition: Symptoms

SOB

Barrel-chested

Pink Puffer

Thin (cachectic)

Answer 18

Emphysema

Question 19

Condition: CXR

Diffuse reticulonodular pattern

Abnormal lower lobe markings

CT = inflammation has ground glass appear w/fibrosis in reticular pattern

Answer 19

IPF

Question 20

Condition: PFT

Decreased FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FVC, FEF25-75

Ventilation/Perfusion mismatch

Answer 20

Bronchiectasis

Question 21

Condition: PFT

Decreased TLC

Decreased VC

Decreased FRC

Decreased RV

Decreased DL CO2

Normal flow rates

As progresses: Decreased VT & Increased RR

Answer 21

IPF

Question 22

Condition: ABG

Increased BUN, Creatinine, bilirubin

Decreased ertythrocyte sedimentation, Na, K, GFR

Decreased PaO2

Increased PaCO2

Answer 22

CHF

Question 23

Condition: Etiology

Mutliple Causes

CHF

Cirrhosis

Lupus

RA

Pancreatitis

Answer 23

Pulmonary Effusion

Question 24

Condition: Breath Sounds

Wheeze

Answer 24

Asthma

Question 25

Condition: Symptoms PNEA: Dys, Tachy, Ortho, Nocturnal Peripheral edema Cyanotic extremities Weight gain Hepatomegaly Decreased Exercise tolerance

Answer 25

CHF

Question 26

Condition: Breath Sounds Bibasilar end inspiratory dry rales Decreased sounds

Answer 26

IPF

Question 27

Condition: ABG Early = decreased PaCO2, RR Severe = increased PaCO2

Answer 27

Asthma

Question 28

Condition: Symptoms SOB (even @ rest) Repetitive non-productive cough Weight loss Decrease Appetite Fatigue Sleep disturbance w/¯ REM

Answer 28

IPF

Question 29

Condition: CV Findings Cor pulmonale only when hyoxemia severe enough to produce pulm art HTN

Answer 29

Emphysema

Question 30

Condition: Breath Sounds Rales Tubular Sounds Consolidation

Answer 30

CHF

Question 31

Condition: Etiology Unknown

Answer 31

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)

Question 32

Condition: Pathophysiology Patchy focal lesions of inflammation that change into fibrotic scars \> regular shaped alveoli

Answer 32

IPF

Question 33

Condition: CXR Hyperinflation: kyphosis, ­AP distance Narrow/elongated cardiac silhouette

Answer 33

Emphysema

Question 34

Condition: CXR Bacterial = Lobular consolidation w/confluent shadows Viral = bilateral diffuse scattered fluffy shadows

Answer 34

Pneumonia

Question 35

Condition: ABG Decreased PaO2 Decreased PaCO2

Answer 35

Pneumonia

Question 36

Condition: Pathophysiology Transudative: ­ Increased pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure \> fluid out of pleural capillaries, decreased reabsorption \> increased fluid in pleural space \> decreased lung expansion Exudative: ­ Increased pleural permeability \> increased protein/fluid into pleural space \> decreased lung expansion

Answer 36

Pulmonary Effusion

Question 37

Condition: PFT During attack decreased FEV1 & FEV1/FVC Increased FVC, RV Decreased VC 15% improve in FEV1 w/dilator

Answer 37

Asthma

Question 38

Condition: Etiology Allergies Exercise Infection Stresses

Answer 38

Asthma

Question 39

Condition: Symptoms Small = may have no sx Large = SOB Inflammation = pleuritic chest pain Dry, non-productive cough

Answer 39

Pleural Effusion

Question 40

Condition: Breath Sounds Rhonchi Wheeze Prolonged Expiration

Answer 40

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 41

Condition: CV Findings May be abnormal if they cause of the issue is CV in natural

Answer 41

Pleural Effusion

Question 42

Condition: Pathophysiology Increased airway reactivity resulting in bronchospasm/constriction when exposed to particular stimulus

Answer 42

Asthma

Question 43

Condition: ABG Decreased PaO2 Normal PaCO2 Hypoxemic w/exertion As progresses hypoxemic at rest

Answer 43

IPF

Question 44

Condition: Symptoms Sense of Suffocation SOB Cyanotic Pink frothy septum from cough Pallor Diaphoresis

Answer 44

Pulmonary Edema

Question 45

Condition: Breath Sounds Bronchial and egophony just above area of interest Decreased sounds over area of interest May hear pleural friction rub

Answer 45

Plueral Effusion

Question 46

Condition: Pathophysiology Enlargement of terminal air spaces w/destruction of alveolar walls

Answer 46

Emphysema

Question 47

Condition: CXR Normal May look like emphysema

Answer 47

Asthma

Question 48

Condition: Pathophysiology Infection of the lower respiratory tract Bacterial infection results in edema & lobular consolidation

Answer 48

Pneumonia

Question 49

Condition: CXR Early: Unremarkable Late: thickened bronchial walls Atelectasis

Answer 49

Bronchiectasis

Question 50

Condition: ABG Decreased PaO2 Increased PaCO2 Polycythemia Hypoxia Increased hematocrit Incresaed viscosity

Answer 50

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 51

Condition: Pathophysiology Hypertrophy of submucosal glands \> denudation of ciliated cells \> obstruction \> inflammation and wall thickening/airway narrowing

Answer 51

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 52

Condition: Pathophysiology L ventricular failure \> ­increased L artia pressure \> increased­ pulmonar circulation pressure \> increased­ fluid in lung interstitium \> alveolar flooding \> decreased compliance, increased­ ventilation/perfusion mismatch, gas exchange disrupted

Answer 52

Pulmonary edema

Question 53

Condition: Symptoms Dyspnea Cough

Answer 53

Asthma

Question 54

Condition: Symptoms Chronic productive cough Morning expectoration Blue bloater

Answer 54

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 55

Condition: Etiology 1. ­ Increased pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure due to L ventricular failure 2. Increased alveolar capillary permeability

Answer 55

Pulmonary Edema

Question 56

Condition: Etiology Necrotizing infection Obstruction from foreign body aspiration

Answer 56

Bronchiectasis

Question 57

Condition: ABG Normal PaO2 Normal PaCO2 Normal ventilation/perfusion ratio

Answer 57

Pulmonary Effusion

Question 58

Condition: PFT Increased RR Decreased Lung volumes N flow rates Normal/Decreased DL CO2 Fast/Labored

Answer 58

Pulmonary Edema

Question 59

Condition: Etiology Smoking Air pollution Occupational exposure Hypersecretion of mucus to produce productive cough on most days for 3 mo during 2 consecutive yrs

Answer 59

Chrontic Bronchitis

Question 60

Condition: Symptoms Bacterial: Fever, Chills, Dyspnea Viral: Fever, Dyspnea, Tachypnea, Non—productive cough, Myalgia

Answer 60

Pneumonia

Question 61

Condition: Etiology Smoking Air Pollution

Answer 61

Emphysema

Question 62

Condition: CXR Small = blunting of costophrenic angle Large = opaque

Answer 62

Pulmonary Effusion

Question 63

Condition: CV Findings (2) Cor Pulmonale

Answer 63

Chronic Bronchitis Bronchiectasis

Question 64

Condition: CV Findings Normal

Answer 64

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 65

Condition: PFT Decreased lung volumes Increased RR RESTRICTIVE

Answer 65

Pneumonia