Conditions

Question 1

How is a zero conditional sentence build?

Answer 1

• if+ present simple, present simple

- >If you heat ice, it melts

Question 2

For what is a zero conditional sentence used?

Answer 2

-General or scientific facts and definitions

Question 3

With what can the if in the zero conditional sentence be replaced?

Answer 3

-when

Question 4

How is the first conditional sentence build?

Answer 4

• if+ a present tense, will + bare infinitive /
• if+ a present tense, can/may/might/must/should + bare infinitive
• > If you have a birthday party, you’ll get loads of cool presents

Question 5

For what is the first conditional used?

Answer 5

-Real or likely conditions in the present/ future and their results in the present and future

Question 6

Give an extra rule for the first condition

Answer 6

• annoying/ request: -will is in the if part
• > if you will be quiet, we will watch a movie
• doubt/uncertainty or insistence: -would or should in the if clause

Question 7

What can you use instead of will?

Answer 7

• may, might, can, could, shall

- should, ought to, have to

Question 8

What can a student use instead of the present simple (in the first condition), and what does it show?

Answer 8

• use should + bare infinitive instead

- >situation is possible, but unlikely to happen ( If you should bump into… , you will be able…)

Question 9

What does if + a present tense, imperative initiate?

Answer 9

• gives instructions about real or likely situations in the present or future
• > If you see him, tell him to come immediately

Question 10

Which meaning do the word or phrases have? (u…)

Answer 10

• unless = ‘except if’ or ‘if not’
• in case= ‘because he/she/it/etc might’
• as/ so long as= ‘if’ or ‘only if’
• provided= ‘if’ or ‘only if’
• providing= ‘assuming’

Question 11

Name some words or phrases which can be replaced with ‘if’

Answer 11

• unless, in case, as/so long as, provided/providing

- on condition that

Question 12

How is the second conditional sentence build?

Answer 12

• if+ past simple or past continuous, would + bare infinitives
• > If you had a beard, you would look just like Charles Dickens!

Question 13

For which kind of use is the second conditional sentence used?

Answer 13

• to state impossible, unlikely or hypothetical conditions in the present or future and their results in the present or future
• advice
• > untrue in the present

Question 14

What can you also use instead of would in the second conditional sentence?

Answer 14

• might or could

- > could= would be able to (

Question 15

Which word can you put in the if clause? (second conditional sentence)

Answer 15

-could: was/ were able to

Question 16

How is the third conditional sentence build?

Answer 16

-if+ past perfect (simple or continuous), would + have + past participle

Question 17

What does the third conditional sentence emphasize?

Answer 17

• hypothetical conditions in the past and their results in the past
• > imaginary situation contrary to facts in the past; regrets or criticism

Question 18

What can you also use instead of would in the third conditional sentence?

Answer 18

-might, could, or should

Question 19

How are the mixed conditional sentence build?

Answer 19

• the first: if+ past perfect (simple or continuous), would + bare infinitives
• the second: if + past simple or past continuous, would + have + past participle

Question 20

For what is the first mixed conditional sentence used?

Answer 20

-hypothetical past condition and a present result

Question 21

For what is the second mixed conditionals used?

Answer 21

-hypothetical present condition and a past result

Question 22

Name the form of inverted conditionals

Answer 22

• Should I/you/he/etc … instead of If I/you/he/etc should…
• Were I/you/he/etc … instead of If I/you/he/etc were…
• Had I/you/he/etc … instead of If I/you/he/etc had…

Question 23

Name the use of inverted conditionals

Answer 23

• More formal form of the first conditional (with should)
• More formal form of the second conditional (were)
• More formal form of the third conditional (had)

Question 24

What comes sometimes after modals?

Answer 24

-modals (will, would, could, etc) are sometimes followed by a continuous infinitive (We’d still be waiting if you had not turned up)

Question 25

What is very unusual in British English?

Answer 25

-with second and third conditionals in informal conversations, would or would have is sometimes used in the if clause (by Americans)

Question 26

Which other expressions can you use instead of ”if”?

Answer 26

• unless (=if… not), providing, provided (assuming)
• as/so long as, in case, on condition that
• but for + -ing form/noun
• otherwise, else
• only if (extra rule: subject and verb are inverted)

Question 27

Give a sentence instructed with but for + -ing form/noun

Answer 27

• But for your help, I would not have completed the study
• > present: If it were not for…
• > past: If it hadn’t been for…