Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Rheumatology > conditions > Flashcards

conditions Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

myositis muscle pattern involvment?

A

symmetrical striated muscle involvment

proximal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Extra-muscular signs of dermatomyositis?

A
  • Raynaud’s
  • interstitial lung fibrosis
  • myocardial involvement (myocarditis, arrhythmias).
  • respiratory failure—> diaphragmatic involvment
  • upper esophageous–>swalling affected
  • aspiration pneumonia—> upper eosphageous affected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Atrial Myxomas can also present with this syndrome

A

Atrial Myxomas can present with a vasculitis like syndrome:

ECHO can exclude this!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is this? where do u see it in?

what other sign r assciated with this diseasE?

A

Myositis plus skin signs:

•Macular rash (shawl sign is +ve if over back and shoulders). •Lilac-purple (heliotrope) rash on eyelids + oedema .

•Nailfold erythema (dilated capillary loops).

•Gottron’s papules: roughened red papules over the knuckles, also seen on elbows and knees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where is Scleroderma renal crisis often seen in?

A

is a serious condition with features of accelerated hypertension, which can lead to renal failure if not treated promptly. It is seen early in the course of disease in patients with diffuse SSc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

-Often referred to as temporal arteritis (TA)

A

GCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Drugs that trigger an SLE-like syndrome

A

HY PIM

  • Hydralazine (antihypertensive)
  • Procainamide (antiarryhtmatic)
  • Isoniazid (antiTB)
  • Miocycline (antiobiotic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Median age of onset is 72

A

GCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what other rheumatoid conditions can develop myositis?

A

SLE and scleroderma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

treatment of Giant cell arteritis

A

Prednisolone 60–100 mg PO per day for at least 2 weeks before considering tapering down slowly

  • For acute onset visual symptoms, consider 1g methylprednisolone IV pulse therapy for the 1–3 days
  • Low-dose aspirin therapy to reduce thrombotic risks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

SLE

Common symptoms and signs

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

5-10% life time risk of B cell lymphoma!

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is Morphoea?

A

Morphoea is a localized form of Scleroderma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the primary vasculitides?

A

Small-vessel vasculitis

  1. Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)
  2. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA, Churg-Strauss syndrome)
  3. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, Wegener’s granulomatosis)
    • IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura)

Medium-vessel vasculitis

  1. Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)
  2. Kawasaki disease (KD)

Large-vessel vasculitis

  1. Takayasu arteritis (TAK)
  2. Giant cell arteritis (GCA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are spondyloarthropathies?

what r they?

A

These are a group of conditions that affect the spine and peripheral joints and are associated with the presence of HLA-B27.

SPEAR

  • *- Ankylosing spondylitis (most common) - Enteropathic arthritis
  • Psoriatic arthritis
  • Reactive arthritis**

-enteric arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

More common in women and Asian people.

A

Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Extra-articular manifestations of Ankylosing spondylitis

A
  1. Anterior uveitis
  2. Aortic incompetence
  3. AV block
  4. Apical lung fibrosis
  5. Amyloidosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Crest syndrome? associated with?

A

Systemic sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Raynauds syndrome is associated w/ what conditions?

A

scleroderma

SLE

Dermatomyositis

Polymyositis

Sjogrens syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

5 times more common in women

A

Systemic Sclerosis (SSc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ix for SLE

A

Most patients have raised ESR or plasma viscosity

Anaemia & leukopenia are common

Antibody test >>Anti-Ro & Anti-La are common

Anti- dsDNA titre rises with disease activity

Antiphospholipid antibodies increase the risk of pregnancy loss and thrombosis

C3 and C4 fall with disease activity

Urinalysis >> vital for detecting renal disease

  • *Skin biopsy >>** can be diagnostic
  • *Renal biopsy >>** can be diagnostic and can help prognosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Vasculitis Tx?

A

General Measures: Rule out infection, stop offending drug in secondary causes

  • *1st line:** Corticosteroids
  • *2nd Line:** Cytotoxic medications, immunomodulatory, or biologic agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide methotrexate, azathioprine, leflunomide mycophenolate mofetil, rituximab, IVIG.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

C3 and C4 fall with disease activity

A

SLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pseudogout crystals and type of ppl it effects

risk factor? features, xray finding? Mx

A

Pseudogout is a form of microcrystal synovitis caused by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in the synovium.

Risk factors

  • haemochromatosis
  • hyperparathyroidism
  • acromegaly
  • low magnesium, low phosphate
  • Wilson’s disease

Features

knee, wrist and shoulders most commonly affected

joint aspiration: weakly-positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals

x-ray: c

in the knee this can be seen as linear calcifications of the meniscus and articular cartilage

Management

  • aspiration of joint fluid, to exclude septic arthritis
  • NSAIDs or intra-articular, intra-muscular or oral steroids as for gout
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
name Large vessel Vasculitis & Medium Vessel
**LARGE** \>\>\>\> GCA & Takayasu arteritis **MEDIUM**\>\>PIK * Polyarteritis Nodosa * Kawasaki Disease * Isolated Central Nervous system vasculitis
26
Absence of Raynaud’s phenomenon makes the diagnosis very unlikely
systemic sclerosis
27
What is systemic sclerosis?
Multisystem autoimmune disease. Previously known as scleroderma. Increased **fibroblast** activity resulting in abnormal growth of connective tissue which leads to **vascular** **damage** and **fibrosis**.
28
Enteropathic arthritis 2 types of peripheral disease?
**o Type 1** = oligoarticular, asymmetric & has a correlation w/ IBD flares **o Type 2** = polyarticular symmetrical & less correlation with IBD flares
29
Ractive arthritis symptoms
30
teleangiectasis
is a condition in which widened venules (tiny blood vessels) cause threadlike red lines or patterns on the skin. telangiectases form gradually and often in clusters. They're sometimes known as “spider veins” because of their fine and weblike appearance
31
well demonstrated on the MRI
myositis
32
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Hypercoagulble state!!!! **_CLOT_** **C**oagulation defect (arterial/venous) **L**ivedo reticularis **O**bstetric (recurrent miscarriage) **T**hrombocytopenia. *Thrombotic tendency affects cerebral, renal, and other vessels* ***Dx:** Persistent antiphosphlolipid antibodies with clinical features* ***Tx:** Anticoagulation; seek advice in pregnancy*
33
Headache is the most frequent symptom (70%)
GCA
34
Osteoporosis tx
Vitamin D ± calcium supplementation plus: 1st line: Oral bisphosphonates, or IV if oral not tolerated. 2nd line: Denosumab or teriparatide
35
many ptx have normal inflammatory markers?
dermatomyositis & polymyositis
36
ESR and plasma viscosity are raised in most patients but CRP is normal
SLE
37
most feared complication of GCA?
Permanent visual loss
38
what is Z-score?
is a comparison of the patient’s BMD with an age- & gender-matched population. - A Z-score **\<−2** should prompt evaluation for causes of _secondary_ osteoporosis.
39
Causes of positive ANA
* Auto-immune rheumatic diseases e.g. SLE, RA, Sjogren’s sydrome * Other auto-immune diseases e.g. ITP * Chronic liver disease * Chronic infection * Malignancy * Drug-induced e.g. minocycline
40
Felty's syndrome
RA
41
what genetic predisposition is GCA associated with?
HLA-DR24
42
Biopsy is characteristic
**Sjogren’s syndrome** focal lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands.
43
types of Systemic Sclerosis (SSc)?
Diffuse Scleroderma & Limited Scleroderma
44
Giant cell arteritis --\> inflammation of arteries supplying what areas mainly
supplying the ## Footnote muscles of mastication results in jaw claudication and tongue discomfort
45
what is this? which condition associated w/?
keratoderma blennorrhagica REactive arthritis plaques on soles/palms
46
Features of inflammatory back pain
**IPAIN!** Insidious onset Pain at night (with improvement on getting up) Age at onset \< 40 Improvement with exercise No improvement with rest
47
Tx SLE
* Sun protection * Advice on healthy lifestyle due to CVD * Hydroxychloroquine is helpful for rash and arthralgia * Mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine & rituximab are commonly used too ## Footnote ***Short courses of prednisolone for flares***
48
Ptx have increased risk of malignancy escpecially in the 2-3 years before and after the diagnosis of it?
Dermatomyositis
49
Antibodies in Systemic sclerosis
* Positive ANA in 90% of patients * Anti-centromere antibody strongly associated with limited SSc. * Scl-70 (topisomerase) and anti RNA polymerase III antibodies strongly associated with diffuse SSc.
50
Sjogren’s syndrome S & S
mnemonic –**madfred!** * Myalgia * Arthralgia * Dry Mouth * Fatigue * Raynaud’s phenomenon * Enlarged parotids * Dry eyes
51
Associated with other autoimmune conditions
**Sjogren’s syndrome** Coeliac disease, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Auto immune thyroid disease.
52
If there is not a dramatic and rapid response to steroids, reconsider the diagnosis.
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
53
Reactive arthritis * definition * presentation * other features * Ix
Sterile synovitis developing after a distant infection either post dysentery (Salmonella / Shigella / Campylobacter) or following urethritis/cervicitis (Chlamydia trachomatis) **- Presentation**: few days – 2 weeks post infection, acute asymmetrical lower limb arthritis develops. **- Other features**: skin (circinate balanitis, keratoderma blennorrhagica), eye (conjunctivitis, uveitis), enthesitis. **- Ix**: serology/microbiology, inflammatory markers raised, *may need joint aspirate to rule out septic/crystal arthritis*
54
Tx of Raynauds complication?
All patients should be advised to **keep warm** & **avoid smoking.** 1st line: Ca+ channel blockers PDE 5 inhibitors, and prostacyclins are usually effective. There is a weak evidence base for angiotensin receptor antagonists, ACE inhibitors, SSRIs, systemic and topical nitrates. **Complications in RP** include digital ulcers, severe digital ischaemia and infection.
55
what imaging is useful in DM and scleorderma? why?
**Nail-fold capillaroscopy** is non-invasive This imaging tool enables evaluation of characteristic ***_structural changes in the peripheral microcirculation_***
56
what r the risks for osteoporotic fractures
FRACTURES FH, RA, Alcohol, cigarette, thin, UC (IBD), reduced mobility, endocrinopathies, steroids
57
what do we use to capture those at risk with osteoporosis?
FRAX TOOL
58
gold standard diagnosis for osteoporosis?
Dual eneregy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) of lumbar spine and hip
59
Fibromyalgia symp
Triad of 1. poor sleep 2. fatigue 3. pain everywhere
60
Ix of Systemic sclerosis
Inflammatory markers normal xray hands\>\> calcinosis hands PFT, HRCT ECO and Ecg antobodies
61
Typical systemic sclerosis face tapered nose Pursed mouth

Rheumatology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions