Conditions and Diseases

Question 1

Tinels

Answer 1

Tap on nerve»parasthesia

Question 2

Rombergs test

Answer 2

Close eyes»push on back/chest»falls over

proprioception loss

Question 3

Babinskis

Answer 3

Sole of foot stroked»toes fan out» upper motor lesion

Question 4

Hoffmann’s

Answer 4

Flick middle finger>clawing motion on hand>cervical myelopathy

Question 5

LHermitte’s

Answer 5

Flex neck>shock sensation down body>cervical instability or stenosis

Question 6

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 6

Central demyelinating disease, possible abnormal SSEPs (esp lowers, increased lumbar to cortical conduction time/decreased central conduction velocity)
Age of onset: 15-40 years

Question 7

Diabetes

Answer 7

neuropathy, slow responses

Question 8

Charcot Marie Tooth

Answer 8

peripheral neuropathy demyelinating

most common neurological disorder
CMT pt lose use of their extremities as nerves degenerate, occasional loss of sensory nerve functions
SEP delayed with central prolongation (cortical delay) in lower SSEP

Question 9

Friedrich’s ataxia

Answer 9

Progressive degenerative disease targeting large myelinated fibers
Symptoms include muscle weakness, ataxia, loss of sensation in the extremities
Typically normal SSEP

Question 10

ataxia

Answer 10

uncoordinated muscle activity resulting in a staggering gait

loss of balance and coordination

Question 11

Apraxia

Answer 11

Inability to produce purposeful movements

Question 12

Meningocele

Answer 12

Fluid filled meninges protrusion

Question 13

Myelomenigocele

Answer 13

A menigeocele with spinal cord and/or nerve roots included in the protrusion

Question 14

Syringomyelia

Answer 14

central canal filled with fluid in spinal cord

Question 15

Chiari malformation

Answer 15

malpositioned cerebellum tonsils into foramen magnum

Question 16

tourettes

Answer 16

brain disorder-no effect on SSEPs

Question 17

Radiculopathy

Answer 17

pinched nerve root

Question 18

myelopathy

Answer 18

disease of the spinal cord

Question 19

spondylolisthesis

Answer 19

anterior displacement of a vertebra (usually L5) over the inferior vertebra

Question 20

Spondylosis

Answer 20

Degenerative changes in the vertebrae

Question 21

ankylosis

Answer 21

a fused joint

Question 22

stenosis

Answer 22

narrowing of a lumen

Question 23

dyskinesia

Answer 23

abnormal movement

Question 24

Tinnitus

Answer 24

noise in ear/ringing/buzzing

Caused by buildup of cerumen, damage to eardrum, disease, or drugs (aspirin/quinene)

Question 25

Vertigo

Answer 25

Hallucination that one is moving or their surrounding environment is moving A symptom found in those with diseases in the labyrinth, vestibular nerve, or its nuclei in the brainstem

Question 26

Meniere's Disease

Answer 26

inner ear disturbance caused by fluid imbalance symptoms include vertigo and tinnitus ABR might be abnormal if symptomatic

Question 27

Otosclerosis

Answer 27

Ossicles fusing together resulting in conductive hearing loss

Question 28

Otitis media

Answer 28

acute infection of the middle ear cavity with the reddening and outward bulging of the eardrum, which may rupture

Question 29

Acustic neuroma/Vestibular schwannoma

Answer 29

Tumor of the cochlear or vestibular branch of the VIIIth nerve (acoustic nerve)

Question 30

CPA tumor

Answer 30

Tumor in the cerebello-pontine angle, usually affecting the VIIth and the VIIIth nerves

Question 31

Bells palsy

Answer 31

Loss of function of the facial nerve- CN VII/facial

Question 32

Brainstem injury results in what regarding sensory and motor?

Answer 32

results in IPSILATERAL cranial nerve deficits and CONTRALATERAL sensory-motor deficits

Question 33

Huntingtons Chorea

Answer 33

characterized by uncoordinated, jerky body movements and a decline in some mental abilities cortical response may have low amplitude and delayed latency

Question 34

Parasthesia

Answer 34

tingling associated with peripheral nerve damage

Question 35

Pseudarthrosis

Answer 35

“False joint” bone fracture with no chance of mending, new fracture resembles a fibrous joint

Question 36

Tethered cord syndrome

Answer 36

cord is prevented from normal upward movement during development *EAS, external urethral sphincter, and tib ant are monitored (S1-S2)

Question 37

Selective dorsal rhizotomy

Answer 37

procedure for the treatment/reduction of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy *EMG monitored-surgeon will stimulate nerve fibers and section off the ones that give abnormal/excessive responses ** bipolar stim with 30-50Hz pulse train 5-15 rootlets per root

Question 38

define afterdischarge

Answer 38

prolonged EMG discharge after rootlet stimulation has ceased

Question 39

Agnosia

Answer 39

loss of ability to recognize objects, people, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss

Question 40

Define anastamosis

Answer 40

nerve graft

Question 41

Proprioception

Answer 41

body and space awareness | communicated by the dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway

Question 42

Brown-sequard syndrome

Answer 42

lateral hemi-section of the cord producing *ipsilateral loss of motor function and *contralateral loss of major sensory function below level of injury

Question 43

Torticollis

Answer 43

stiff neck caused by spastic contraction of neck muscles drawing the head to one side with chin pointing to the other side

Question 44

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Answer 44

polyneuritis with progressive muscular weakness of extremities body's immune system attacks part of the PNS