Conditions and Disorders

Question 1

What are medical conditions?

Answer 1

Conditions treated primarily with medications, lifecycle changes, or non-invasive procedures

Question 2

What are surgical conditions?

Answer 2

Conditions that require surgical intervention to correct or manage the issue

Question 3

What is arthritis?

Answer 3

Inflammation of the joints

Question 4

What are the causes of arthritis?

Answer 4

Idiopathic
Degenerative
Immune-mediated
Obesity
Injuries to the joints
Infections causing inflammation and damage

Question 5

How is arthritis diagnosed?

Answer 5

X-ray
Ultrasound
Physical examination
Arthrocentesis (removal of fluid round the joint)

Question 6

What are the clinical signs of arthritis?

Answer 6

Swelling of joints
Pain in affected joints
Lameness
Exercise intolerance
Crepitus (grating of bones together)
Pyrexia (from immune-mediated)

Question 7

What is the treatment for arthritis?

Answer 7

Hydrotherapy
Metacam
Diet if animal is overweight
Physiotherapy
Laser Therapy
Pain Relief

Question 8

What is pancreatitis?

Answer 8

Inflammation of the pancreas

Question 9

What are the causes of pancreatitis?

Answer 9

Idiopathic
High fat diet and obesity
Bacterial infections
Direct injury to the pancreas
Surgical procedures
Certain medications
Pancreatic tumours

Question 10

How is pancreatitis diagnosed?

Answer 10

Assessing general symptoms
Ultrasound
X-ray

Question 11

What are the clinical signs of pancreatitis?

Answer 11

Vomiting
Lethargy
Abdominal pain
Inappetence

Question 12

What is the treatment for pancreatitis?

Answer 12

Intravenous fluids
Anti-inflammatory medications
Medications to control nausea
Low fat diet
Assisted feeding
Antibiotics

Question 13

What is colitis?

Answer 13

Inflammation of the colon

Question 14

What are the causes of colitis?

Answer 14

Bacterial infection
Allergic reaction
Immune-mediated
Irritable bowel syndrome
Certain medications and toxins

Question 15

How is colitis diagnosed?

Answer 15

Faecal analysis
Blood tests
X-rays
Ultrasound
Colonoscopy

Question 16

What are the clinical signs of colitis?

Answer 16

Watery diarrhoea
Blood and mucous in faeces
Excessive straining

Question 17

What is the treatment for colitis?

Answer 17

Adjusting the diet
Anti-inflammatories
Antibiotics
Intravenous fluids
Stress management

Question 18

What is chronic kidney disease?

Answer 18

A disease that involves a progressive loss of renal function

Question 19

What are the causes of chronic kidney disease?

Answer 19

Degenerative
Immune-mediated
Other kidney conditions
Bacterial infections
Inflammatory diseases
Certain medications and toxins
Hypertension

Question 20

How is chronic kidney disease diagnosed?

Answer 20

Blood and urine tests
Ultrasound
X-rays

Question 21

What are the clinical signs of chronic kidney disease?

Answer 21

Polydipsia (excessive drinking)
Polyuria (excessive urinating)
Weight loss
Loss of appetite
Dehydration
Ulcers in the mouth
Poor coat condition
High blood pressure
Anaemia

Question 22

What is the treatment for chronic kidney disease?

Answer 22

Specialised food
Fluid therapy
Drugs
Increasing water intake
Medications that manage blood pressure
Anti-nausea medications and appetite stimulants

Question 23

What is cystitis?

Answer 23

Inflammation of the bladder

Question 24

What are the causes of cystitis?

Answer 24

Bacterial infections
Urinary tract infections
Conditions that increase the risk of infections
Other bladder conditions
Certain medications

Question 25

How is cystitis diagnosed?

Answer 25

Urine and blood analysis X-rays Ultrasound Cystoscopy

Question 26

What are the clinical signs of cystitis?

Answer 26

Polyuria Dysuria Blood in urine Excessive licking of genital area Strong smelling urine

Question 27

What is the treatment for cystitis?

Answer 27

Antibiotics Pain relief Anti-inflammatories Increased water intake Feeding low magnesium and pH balanced diets

Question 28

What is urolithiasis?

Answer 28

Minerals or stones in the urinary tract

Question 29

What are the causes of urolithiasis?

Answer 29

Altered urine pH Dehydration Excessive intake of calcium, vitamin D and oxalate rich foods Prolonged retention of urine

Question 30

How is urolithiasis diagnosed?

Answer 30

Urine, stone and blood analysis Ultrasound X-rays

Question 31

What are the clinical signs of urolithiasis?

Answer 31

Dysuria Polyuria Blood in urine Excessive licking of genital area Strong smelling urine Loss of appetite

Question 32

What is the treatment for urolithiasis?

Answer 32

Flushing the blockage under general anaesthetic Fluid therapy Altering the diet to dissolve the stones and prevent them re-forming Surgical removal

Question 33

What is pyometra?

Answer 33

Infection or pus in the uterus

Question 34

What are the causes of pyometra?

Answer 34

High progesterone levels Repeated heat cycles without pregnancy Weakened immune system

Question 35

How is pyometra diagnosed?

Answer 35

X-ray Ultrasound Blood and urine analysis Vagina cystoscopy

Question 36

What are the clinical signs of pyometra?

Answer 36

Lethargy Pyrexia Discharge (if the cervix is open) Vomiting Polydipsia Toxic shock

Question 37

What is the treatment for pyometra?

Answer 37

Ovariohysterectomy (spay) Intravenous fluids Antibiotics Pain relief

Question 38

What is type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Answer 38

A lack of insulin production

Question 39

What is type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Answer 39

An inadequate response to insulin

Question 40

What are the causes of diabetes mellitus?

Answer 40

Obesity Chronic pancreatitis Hormonal inblances Immune-mediated High carbohydrate diet

Question 41

How is diabetes mellitus diagnosed?

Answer 41

Blood and urine analysis

Question 42

What are the clinical signs for diabetes mellitus?

Answer 42

Polyuria Polydipsia Weight loss High blood glucose Glucosuria - glucose in urine

Question 43

What is the treatment for diabetes mellitus?

Answer 43

Daily insulin injections High protein and low carbohydrate diet Weight management and regular exercise

Question 44

What is congestive heart failure?

Answer 44

When the heart is unable to sufficiently pump blood around the body

Question 45

What are the causes of congestive heart failure?

Answer 45

Valve diseases Dilated cardiomyopathy Heartworm disease Congenital heart defects Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Hypertension Pericardial disease

Question 46

How is congestive heart failure diagnosed?

Answer 46

Electrocardiogram Echocardiography X-rays Blood analysis

Question 47

What are the clinical signs of congestive heart failure?

Answer 47

Exercise intolerance Heart murmur Arrhythmia - irregularities in the heartbeat Coughing Breathing difficulties Collapse

Question 48

What is the treatment for congestive heart failure?

Answer 48

Diuretics ACE inhibitors Pimobendane Beta blockers Reducing strenuous exercise Managing and controlling weight

Question 49

What is an abscess?

Answer 49

A localised collection pus

Question 50

Where can abscesses be found?

Answer 50

Skin Bone Muscle Organs Brain

Question 51

What is the main cause of abscesses?

Answer 51

Contamination of open wounds

Question 52

How are abscesses diagnosed?

Answer 52

Physical examination Needle aspiration Ultrasound Radiography

Question 53

What are the clinical signs of an abscess?

Answer 53

Pain Swelling Reduced function Pyrexia

Question 54

What is the treatment for abscesses?

Answer 54

Draining of the abscess Antibiotics Surgical removal of infected tissue Warm compress