Conditions Deck Incomplete Flashcards
(173 cards)
1
Q
ID Anemia
A
x
2
Q
B12 Def Anemia
A
x
3
Q
Folate Def Anemia
A
x
4
Q
Hepatitis A
A
x
5
Q
Hepatitis B
A
x
6
Q
Hepatitis C
A
x
7
Q
DVT
A
x
8
Q
Hypothyroidism
A
x
9
Q
Hyperthyroidism
A
x
10
Q
Elevated Liver Enzymes
A
x
11
Q
Osteoporosis
A
x
12
Q
Depression
A
x
13
Q
Anxiety
A
x
14
Q
Bi-Polar Disorder
A
x
15
Q
OCD
A
x
16
Q
Anorexia
A
x
17
Q
Bulimia
A
x
18
Q
Acute Bacterial Pharyngitis
A
1) Most causative agent: S. pyogenes, transmitted through saliva and droplet contact2) Pt no longer contagious after 24hr Abx treatment3) Complications include rheumatic fever, peritonsilar abscess and acute glomerulonephritis
19
Q
Otitis Media
A
1) Caused by negative pressure in middle ear that allows organisms to enter the middle ear2) Most causative agents: S. pneumoniae (50%) - H. influenzae, & M. catarrhalis infections normally self resolve3) TM retracted or bulging, immobile and erythemic, with ipsilateral anterior cervical chain lymphadenopathy
20
Q
Otitis Externa
A
1) Risk Factors: Trauma followed by increased moisture such as swimming or impacted cerumen2) P. Aeruginosa - most causative agent, 3) Complicated infection can include facial, neck or auricular cellulitis with unilateral lymphadenopathy
21
Q
Blepharitis
A
x
22
Q
Corneal Abrasion
A
x
23
Q
Hordoleum & Chalazion
A
1) Hordoleum - Infection of eyelid follicle often caused by Staph. TM = Warm compress w/ topical ABX2) Chalzion - Inflamatory eyelid condition (w or w/o infection). TM = warm compress or referral for drainage
24
Q
Appendicitis
A
x
25
Colic
x
26
Encopresis
x
27
Kawasaki Disease
x
28
Fifth's Disease
x
29
Scarlet Fever
1) Seen when a scarlatiniform rash with fine sandpaper-like texture erupts during a strep pharyngitis2) Rash starts on trunk and spreads widely, usually sparing soles of feet and palms3) Treatment identical to GAS
30
Roseola
x
31
Rubella
x
32
Rubeola
x
33
Hand-foot-mouth
x
34
Infectious Mononucleosis
x
35
Acute HIV Infection
x
36
Molluscum Contagiosum
x
37
Bacterial Meningitis
1) Classic triad of fever, headache, neuchal rigidity2) CSF: reduced glucose3) Rash more common
38
Viral Meningitis
1) Encephalitis more common2) Less severe, gradual onset3) Skin rash uncommon
39
Mumps
x
40
Lyme Disease
x
41
Influenza
x
42
UTI
x
43
Testicular Torsion
x
44
Hydrocele
x
45
Varicocele
x
46
Orchitis
x
47
Epididymitis
x
48
Ammenorrhea
x
49
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
x
50
Acne
1) Increase is sebaceous activity r/t increased androgens2) Comedomal (closed = white, open = black) & cystic/pustular3) Isotretinoin potent teratogen: 2 neg preg tests before, 2 forms of contraception and monthly preg tests
51
Atopic Dermatitis
1) Manifestation of a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction2) Pruritic, erythema, dryness and scaling, often located in skin folds3) Elevated serum IGE and eosinophils
52
Cellulitis
1) Acute skin infection usually secondary to a wound2) Warm, red, edematous, with sharply demarcated borders3) Usually caused by GABHS, or staph A
53
Folliculitis
x
54
Carbuncle/furnicle
x
55
Scabies
1) Normally require close personal contact2) Mites only live 3-4d without a host3) Pruritis may last weeks after treatment d/t presence of dead mites in skin
56
Pediculosis
x
57
Burns
1) Burns to hands, feet, face, or genitals must be refered promptly2) Respiratory tract burns = emergency3) First & second degree = erythema, pain & hyperemia, Third degree = painless, white and leathery surface
58
Asthma
x
59
Pneumonia
x
60
Bronchiolitis
x
61
Bronchitis
x
62
Croup
x
63
SIDS Prevention
x
64
Chest Pain
x
65
Heart Murmurs
x
66
Knee Injury
x
67
Tendonitis
x
68
Low Back Pain
x
69
Shoulder Injury
x
70
Ankle Injury
x
71
BPPV
x
72
Seizures
Absence: Blank stare lasting 3-50 secondsMyoclonic: Awake state or brief LOC lasting seconds to minutes. Brief jerking contractionsTonic-Clonic: Rigid extension of periphery followed by sudden jerking movements. Bladder/bowel incontinence commonSimple Partial: Awake state with abnormal motor, sensory, autonomic, or psychic behaviourComplex Partial: Aura followed by vague stare and facial movements. May lead to LOCTheophylline + Dilantin = 40% reduction in bothCarbamazapine + OC = Contraception failure
73
ADHD
x
74
Rhesus Isoimmunization
x
75
Screening Diagnostics in Pregnancy
x
76
Pregnancy Exposure to Varicella & Rubella
x
77
Postpartum Depression
x
78
Cystitis
x
79
Pyelonephritis
x
80
Combined Contraceptives
x
81
Progestin Only Contraceptives
x
82
Mastitsis
x
83
Blocked Milk Duct
x
84
Breast Cancer
x
85
Fibroadenoma
x
86
Breast Cyst
x
87
Chlamydia
x
88
Gonorrhea
x
89
HPV
x
90
Herpes Simplex
x
91
GERD
x
92
Peptic Ulcer Disease
x
93
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
x
94
Cholecystitis
x
95
Constipation
x
96
HIV
x
97
Syphilis
x
98
Prostatitis
x
99
Erectile Dysfunction
x
100
BPH
x
101
Prostate Cancer
x
102
Renal Calculi
x
103
Epistaxis
1) Most commonly caused by localized dryness or trauma2) FL treatment is pressure to nose x 10min3) SL treatments include packing, and cautery. If bleeding disorder present, use topical thrombin (cocaine)
104
Meniere's Disease
1) Idiopathic disorder of the middle ear which causes vertigo, dizziness, tinnitus, and low frequency hearing loss2) Risk Factors: Loud noise, ottotoxic drugs, and increased sodium intake3) On exam: Nystagmus, webber lateralized to affected ear, positive Romburg and Fukuda
105
Temporal ArteritisGiant Cell Arteritis
1) Tender or nodular temporal artery with severe unilateral headache2) Visual disturbances common with blindness as a serious complication3) Treatment consists of long term (6-24mo) high dose corticosteroids4) ESR and CRP are often elevated
106
Migraine Headache
1) Lasts 4-72 hrs2) Unilateral, pulsitile3) Nausea/vomiting, photo/phonophobia
107
Cluster Headache
1) Clusters last week to months, then disappear for months-years2) Located behind one eye, steady and intense (hot poker)3) Associated with lacrimation, conjunctival injection, and nasal congestion
108
Tension Headache
1) Lasts 30min-7 days2) Pressing, non-pulsitile3) Usually bilateral
109
Gout
x
110
Insomnia
x
111
Pelvic Inflamatory Disease
x
112
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
x
113
Endometriosis
x
114
Ectopic Pregnancy
x
115
Bacterial Vaginosis
x
116
Emergency Contraception
x
117
Abnormal PAP
x
118
Stress Incontinence
x
119
Urge Incontinence
x
120
Overflow Incontinence
x
121
Osteoporosis
x
122
Dementia
1) Chronic loss of intellectual or cognitive function2) Alzheimer (60-80%), Vascular (multi-infarct)(10-20%), Parkinson (5%)
123
Delerium
1) Reversible, acute onset reduced attention to external stimuli & disorganized thinking2) Altered LOC, memory impairment, hallucinations, altered sleep, A&O x ?3) DELIRIUM MNEUMONIC: Drugs, Emotional, Low ph/Lack of drugs, Infection (most common UTI and CAP), Retention of urine or feces, Ictal state (ETOH W/D), Undernutrition, Metabolic, Myocardial, Subdural hematoma
124
Dysphagia
x
125
Parkinson's Disease
1) Slow, progressive movement disorder d/t alteration in dopaminergic cells2) Tremor at rest, Rigidity, Akensia/Bradykinesia, Posture flexed, Masklike face, Reflexes lost (TRAP MR)3) Mirapex first (less S/E), then levodopa/carbidopa
126
Vaginal Atrophy
x
127
Osteoarthritis
x
128
Rheumatoid Arthritis
x
129
Hypertension
x
130
Coronary Artery Disease
x
131
Angina
x
132
MI
x
133
Heart Failure
x
134
Dyspiledemia
x
135
Atrial Fibrillation
x
136
TIA
1) Acute neurological event resolves within 24hrs2) Numbness, weakness, flacidity3) Considered a "stroke warning"
137
CVA
1) Cerebral Ischemia (80%), Cerebral Hemorrhage (15%), Subarachnoid Hemorrage (5%)2) Sudden onset unilateral limb weakness and motor dysfunction with possible headache, vision or auditory disturbances3) Reduce risk through control of HTN, dyslipidemia & DM
138
Tuberculosis
x
139
Asthma
x
140
COPD
x
141
Smoking Cessation
x
142
Type 1 Diabetes
x
143
Type 2 Diabetes
x
144
Bites (human/animal)
1) Initial treatment: vigorous wound cleansing & debridement2) Short term ABX therpay within 12hrs & tetanus3) Rabies prophalaxis for wild animals and feral domestics; no rabies risk from human bites
145
Arterial Ulcer
1) Often present with absent peripheral pulses, cool, hairless extremity2) Ulcers have "punched out" appearance3) Only treatment is revascularization surgery
146
Venous Ulcer
1) Most common cause of stasis ulcers2) Common complaint of heaviness and ache3) Long term management: Compression stockings (30-40mmhg), nutrition, wound care
147
Hirsutism
x
148
Seborrheic Keratosis
1) Benign lesions2) Stuck on appearance
149
Actinic Keratosis
1) UV induced lesions which can evolve into SCC2) Small rough spots (sandpaper quality) evolving into erythemic scaly lesions3) Cryotherapy
150
MelanomaABCDE
Asymmetry, Border irregular, Color not uniform, Diameter >6cm, Evolving lesions either new or changing
151
Psoriasis
1) Rapid cell turnover causing increased keritinization 2) Silvery sclaes on underlying erythemic plaque3) Typical on extensor surfaces, elbows, knees and scalp
152
Basal Cell Carcinomamnemonic: PUT ON S(unscreen)
1) Long latency and low metastatic risk2) Pearly papule, Ulcerating, Telangiectasia, On the face, scalp, pinae, Nodules, Slow growing
153
Squamous Cell Carcinomamnemonic: NO SUN
1) More rapid growing than BCC, low but significant metastatic risk2) Nodular, Opaque, Sunexposed areas, Ulcerating, Nondistinct borders
154
Bell Palsy
1) Acute paralysis of CN VII2) Can be a complication of Lyme Disease (AB test)3) Corticosteroids not effective if started >10d after
155
Multiple Sclerosis
1) Demyelinating disorder with exacerbations and remissions2) Weakness or numbness or limbs, vision loss, vertigo3) Two types: Relapsing Remitting MS & Primary Progressive MS
156
Macule, Patch, Wheal, Purpura
Macule: Flat discoloration <1cmPatch: Large maculeWheal: Circumscribed area of skin edema (hives)Purpura: Lesions caused by RBCs leaving circulation and getting trapped in skin
157
Papule, Plaque, Nodule
Papule: Raised lesion (same or diff color) 1cmNodule: Raised MOBILE lesion >1cm (cyst)
158
Vessicle, Bullae, Pustule
Vessicle: Fluid filled 1cmPustule: Vessicle-like with purrulent content
159
Patterns of LesionsAnnular, Confluent/Coalescent, Reticular, Dermatomal, Linear
Annular: In a ringConfluent/Coalescent: Multiple lesions blending togetherReticular: Netlike clusterDermatomal: Along a dermatomeLinear: In streaks
160
Most & Lease permeable body parts allowing greater/lesser absorption of topical medications
Most: Face, axilla, & genitalsLeast: Palms, soles of feet,
161
Impetigo
1) Almost always caused by Staph A2) Thin "laquer-like" crust after vesicles rupture3) Children should be kept home for 24hrs after ABX initiation
162
Shingles
1) Raised, pruritic, painful lesions (often blistering) along dermatome2) Cannot transmit shingles, but can shed chickenpox virus3) Scarring and postherpetic neuralgia 4) Should start anti-virals within 72h
163
Common warts (verruca vulgaris)
1) HPV 1, 2 & 42) Self resolve in 12-24 months3) Verrucaform lesion = wart
164
CA-MRSA
1) Usually involve skin and soft tissue - cellulitis, bullous impetigo, folliculitis, but can involve bone, joint or cause pneumonia2) Spread through skin to skin contact but can survive on inanimate objects
165
Oral Candidiasis
1) Also known as angular stomatitis, perleche or cheilosis2) Topical antifungals such as Nystatin are the mainstays of therapy
166
Conjunctivitis - Viral, Allergic, and Bacterial (suppurlative)
1) Allergic: Bilateral, itchy, injected conjunctiva with rope-like discharge and clear nasal discharge2) Viral: 3) Bacterial: Starts unilateral, purrulent d/c often sticking eyes together. Often caused by S. Aureus, S. pnuemoniae, & H. influenzae
167
Opthamological EmergenciesAngle closure glaucoma & Anterior Uveitis*Painful red eye with visual disturbances
1) Angle closure glaucoma: Sudden onset, headache, dilated pupil with visual disturbance. Without treatment blindness in 3-5d2) Open angle glaucoma: Slow onset, often asymptomatic3) Anterior uveitis: Dull pain, red eye, constricted, non-reactive irregularly shaped pupil
168
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
1) Gradual onset of peripheral vision loss2) Causes cupping of optic disk (cup to disk ration >0.2)3) Papilledema - Bulging optic disc with blurred margins. D/T increased ICP
169
Allergic Rhinitis
1) Most often triggered by pollen: Worse in am, best after rain shower2) Nasal CS effective, but take up to 1 week to take effect3) Second generation oral antihistamines for acute control4) Decongestants act as vasodilators5) Allergic conjunctivitis can worsen allergic rhinitis though movement of inflamatory mediators through tear ducts and into nasal passage
170
Rhinosinusitis
1) Most causative organism S. Pneumonae2) Diagnosis: URTI persisting beyond 7-10d or worsening after 5-7d & purrulent nasal discharge3) Risk for orbital cellulitis if left untreated
171
Respiratory Fluoroquinolones
1) Levofloxavin (Levaquin)2) Moxifloxacin (Avelox)
172
Respiratory Organisms which Render Penicillins innefective
1) H. Influenzae2) M. catarrhalis
173
Age Related Eye and Ear ConditionsPresbycusis, Senile cataracts, Presbyopia, Macular Degeneration
1) Presbycusis: Progressive, symetric, high-frequency, age related sensory hearing loss. Speech discrimination 2) Senile cataracts: Greatest loss is distance vision3) Presbyopia: Age related hardening of lens. Close vision problems, need for increased illumination, increased sensitivity to glare4) Macular Degeneration: Most common cause of blindness in elderly. Manifests as central vision loss
