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year 2 osce > Conditions, Explanations and Treatments > Flashcards

Conditions, Explanations and Treatments Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the management plan for MCL injury?

A

Brace

Physio

Early movement

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2
Q

What are the two names for a raised lesion?

<0.5cm

>0.5cm

A

<0.5cm = Papule

>0.5cm = Nodule

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3
Q

How would you explain fribromyalgia?

A

Medicine as a whole doesnt know the wholes story with fibromyalgia. There is a theroy though that it is to do with abnormal pain messages. So changes in your brain and nerves could be responsible for the pain you are feeling rather than your muscles and joints actually been damaged.

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4
Q

How do you treat thrush?

A

Nystatin or Clotrimazole

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5
Q

What vitamin supplements should babies and mothers be taking?

A

all children not on formula could take ACD supplements

BF mothers vitamin D and Iron

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6
Q

How do you manage an LCL injury?

A

If pulled:- Physio , NSAIDs and rest

If ruptured :- Surgery

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7
Q

How would you explain a cholesteatoma?

A

you have some abnormal collection of skin cells inside your ear. Its not a cancer but it is quiet serious.

ENT referall for surgery

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8
Q

How do you treat ringworm/athletes foot?

A

Clotrimazole

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9
Q

What is the management plan for Psoriasis?

A

Emollients

Vitamin D analogues

Steroids

Dithranol

Coal tar

UVB/PUVA

Methotrexate

Biologics

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10
Q

How do you diagnose congenital hip dysplasia?

A

Barlow and Ortolani

Ultrasound if less than 3 months

xray if older than 3 months

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11
Q

What are the red flags for back pain?

A

Urinary retention/incontinence

saddle anasthesia

loss of sensation

weight loss

old or young

night sweats

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12
Q

What is the managment plan for rosacea?

A

Reduce aggravating factors

  • Spicy food,
  • Alcohol
  • Caffeine
  • sun

Creams

  • Topical metronidazole
  • Oral tetracycline
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13
Q

What are the special parts of a Paeds History?

A

Birth

Feeding

Growth

Development

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14
Q

How would you explain eczema to a patient?

A

Usualy the skin acts as a barrier strong barrier to infection or irretation. However if your skin gets too dry this barrier doesnt work as well resulting in your skin becoming inflamed giving you a rash

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15
Q

How do you treat transient synovitis?

A

NSAIDs

Rest

Self limiting

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16
Q

How would you explain addison’s disease to a patient?

A

Your Adrenal glands which sit on your kidneys normally produce hormones that your body needs to work properlly. Addisons disease is an autoimmune condition where your immune system accidently attacks your adrenal glands meaning that they no longer work properlly. As a result the adrenal glands dont produce the hormones that you need

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17
Q

What is the management plan for OA?

A

Physio

Weightloss

Paracetamol or cocodamol

Surgery

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18
Q

What important saftey things should you remember about hyperthyroidism?

A

Carbimazole cant be used in early pregnancy

Use propythiouracil 1st trimester

Risk of agranulocytois- fever, swollen glands and a sore throat then come back just to be safe

Cancer:- Lumps? changing voice? Weight loss?

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19
Q

What is the managment plan for Gout?

A

NSAIDs

Colchicine

Corticosteroids

if >2 attacks start allopurinol

Reduce Purines - Alcohol, red meat, pulses

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20
Q

What RA drugs are safe in breatfeeding and pregnancy?

A

Unsafe:

  • Methotrexate
  • Leflunnomide

Safe:

  • Sulfasalazine
  • Hyroxychloroquine
    • anti-TNF
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21
Q

What is the management plan for Eistaxis?

A

Nasal Spray

Ligation

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22
Q

How can you pick up saftey marks when talking about eczema?

A
  • If you think it might be infected e.g pus or blood then come right back
    • Use the correct amount of steroid cream.( one finger tip covers a whole palm)
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23
Q

What are the two names for a flat lestion?

<1cm

>1cm

Study These Flashcards
A

<1cm = macule

>1cm = Patch

24
Q

What are the differences between the three skin cancers?

Study These Flashcards
A

BCC- 80% common, slow growing and locally invasive. Rarley met

SCC- arise of sun damaged skin, grow fast, can bleed and metastases

Melanoma - Superficial and dangerous, metastases

25
What is the managment plan for a metatarsal stress fracture?
Prolonged rest for 6-12 weeks in a "moon boot"
26
How would you explain hyperthyroidisim to a patient?
Your thyroid gland sits in your neck and its jump is to produce hormones. These hormones do lots of things in your body to keep everything working correctly. In your case your thyroid gland is overactive so you are making too many thyroid hormones resulting in the symptoms you are experiancing
27
How would you describe psoriasis?
Well demarcated scaly erythematous plaques on extensore surfaces. Silvery appearance ( give dimensions)
28
What must you remember to tell patients if you are prescribing a diuretic?
It will make you pee more Come back in a week and we will check that your electrolyte balance is ok ( vitamins and minerals) Theres a risk small risk that the medication might make you low in potassium. If this happens then you will start to feel tired with sore muscles, you might also notic some funny heart beats. If this does happen then come back to hospial
29
What is the management plan for impingement syndrome?
NSAIDs Physio Steroid Surgical decompression
30
What "saftey marks" are available in Acne?
Ask about depression. Oral Isotretinoin * Teratogenic * Can cause mood change
31
How would you explain transient synovitis?
Inflammation around the hip joint. Medicine doesnt really know why we happen but we do know it is common after an infection.
32
How do you treat DKA?
Insulin Fluid challenge Potassium
33
How do you treat congenital hip dysplasia?
Pavlik harness Must be worn constantly. Only to be taken off by a health proffesional Lots of support because it can take some time for you and baby to get used to it
34
Where can you pick up Safey marks in a psoriasis station?
Correct steroid usage Only use Vitamin D on the plaques Try and avoid the sun "If you are feeling really down about your psoriasis or depressed then please do come back. Im here to to help you" If you think your plaques might be infected e.g blood or puss then come back
35
How do you treat Addison's disease?
Steroid replacement:- hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone
36
How would you explain Rosacea to someone?
Medicine as a whole does not know the whole process behind rosacea. What we do know is that it is an inflammatory process which results in a spotty rash across the face and nose.
37
How would you explain osteoporosis?
It means that your bones are weaker than normal, so they are much more fragile and likely to break. Everyones bones deteriorate at different rates, just some peoples bones weaker faster than others
38
How would you explain psoriasis to a patient?
Medicine as a wole doesnt yet know the whole story with psoriasis. What we do know however is that it is and inflammatory condition which is causing your skin cells to be made really quickly. The main thing is that we can treat it
39
What is the management plan for eczema?
Emollients avoid irretants topical steroids
40
How do you treat hyperthyroidisim?
Carbimazole
41
What is the management plan for Acne?
Topical therapies:- * Benzoyl peroxide * Topical vitamin A derivatives * Topical antibiotic - Clindamycin Oral Isotretinoin * Teratogenic * Dry skin, dry eyes, dry mouth, mood changes ( saftey net depression)
42
What saftey mark can you gain in an Epistaxis statin?
Are you taking Asprin or anything that thins your blood? If its a child under the age of 2yrs then come to hospital If you feel light headed and notice you are looking very pale then come back come back if the bleeding is very heavy and/or lasts longer than 20 minutes
43
What is the treatment for osteoporosis and what saftey marks should you remember?
Bisphosphonates They help to strengthen your bones. Small chance of tummy upset, if this is the case then come back. Also very rarley people get pain in their jaw from it. Come straight back if this happens. Have you had dental work done on your jaw?
44
What is the treatment pathway for RA?
1. Methotrexate 2. Sufasalazine 3. Hydroxycholoroquine 4. Leflunomide 5. Biologics (infliximab, rituximab)
45
what is the management for an ACL rupture?
Phsyio and brace or Surgery
46
How do you treat Cushing syndrome?
Diagnose with dexamethasone suppression test Treatment- surgery
47
What is the management plan for rotator cuff tears?
Conervative Physio NSAIDs Steroid injections Surgery has a 30% failure rate so if we can manage without then that would be alot better.
48
How would you explain RA to a patient?
It is an autoimmune disease which means your immune system which normally fights off infections is attacking the lining of your joints instead. This is resulting in you having sore, inflammed and stiff joints. Over time this leads to damage to the joint and the bone around the joint. However we are able to slow this process using medication and sometimes pretty much stop it all together
49
What is the management plan for Dupuytren's Contracture?
Do nothing Surgery but it is likely to reoccur
50
How do you treat SUFE?
Surgery to pin the femoral head to prevent further slippage
51
How would you explain dupuytren's contracutre to a patient?
The connective tissue in your hand is thickening, evenually it gets so tight and thick it will pull back your ring finger
52
53
What important saftey marks should you remember to mention when starting a patient on methotrexate?
1. Take Folic acid with it 2. No pregnancy - Oral contraception + condoms 3. Rarley Liver damage - LFT check in 2 weeks / carefull with alcohol
54
What are the red flags for child development?
Motor 6 month- unable to reach for objects 12 months- unable to sit supported 18 months- unable to walk 18 months - no speach
55
What is the checklist for ruling out viral tonsilitis?
History of fever Tonsillar exudate Tender lymphnodes No cough \>3 = bacterial (give antibiotics)
56
what is the management plan for carpal tunnel syndrome?
Wrist splints + steroid injections Surgical decompression
57
How would you explain Duchenne's muscular distrophy?
It is a genetic condition which results in the childs muscles not working properlly. It is progressive and very serious condition that gets worse with age. It can affect the muscles responsible for your heart beating and for breathing. There is no cure but with can try our best to manage the symptoms (death \< 20 yrs)

year 2 osce (2 decks)

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