Conditions of the Elbow, Wrist, and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Monteggia fracture dislocation?

A
  • a fractured shaft of the ulna with subsequent dislocation of the radial head
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2
Q

What is a Galeazzi fracture dislocation?

A
  • a fractured distal radius with subsequent dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint
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3
Q

What are some common sites of referred pain that radiate to the upper limb?

A
  • cervical spine, upper thoracic spine, myofascial conditions, rotator cuff
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4
Q

What is extensor tendinopathy?

A
  • “tennis elbow”
  • major cause of lateral elbow pain
  • due to repetitive wrist extension and pronation
  • tendinopathy occurs distal to the lateral epicondyle; pain with wrist flexion that worsens with pronation and radial deviation
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5
Q

What is flexor/pronator tendinopathy?

A
  • “golfer’s elbow”
  • major cause of medial elbow pain (but less common than extensor tendinopathy)
  • due to repetitive wrist flexion
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6
Q

What are some major causes of anterior elbow pain? Of posterior elbow pain?

A
  • anterior: biceps tendinopathy/rupture

- posterior: triceps tendinopathy, olecranon bursitis

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7
Q

What is the most common ED fracture of all age groups? What’s the mechanism of injury?

A
  • distal radial fractures (wrist fractures)
  • mechanism: FOOSH (fall on outstretched hand)
  • (greenstick fractures result in children)
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8
Q

What is a Colles’ fracture?

A
  • a fracture of the distal radius with volar angulation
  • mechanism: FOOSH
  • look for the classic “dinner fork” deformity
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9
Q

What is a Smith’s fracture?

A
  • a “reverse Colles’ fracture”

- mechanism: falling on the dorsum of hand

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10
Q

What is the most common carpal fracture?

A
  • scaphoid fracture (75%)
  • mechanism: FOOSH
  • patient has lateral wrist pain with a swollen and tender snuff box
  • commonly disrupts the blood supply
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11
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A
  • compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel

- burning pain, often at rest or at night, numbness in median nerve distribution

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12
Q

What is De Quervain’s tenosynovitis?

A
  • a synovial inflammation of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
  • common in racket sports, golf, bowling
  • swelling, tenderness, crepitus
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13
Q

What percent of hand fractures require ORIF?

A
  • (open reduction and internal fixaton)

- nearly 100% require ORIF; treatment and rehab of hand injuries are VERY important

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14
Q

What is the main mechanism of injury for thumb fractures? Metacarpal fractures? Proximal phalanges? Distal phalanges?

A
  • thumb: abduction force or fall on thumb
  • metacarpal: punching (boxers), falls
  • proximal phalanges (more common than distal): ?
  • distal phalanges: due to a crush injury
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15
Q

What is mallet finger?

A
  • an avulsion of the extensor mechanism for a finger

- usually due to a ball hitting the tip of a finger

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16
Q

What is skier’s thumb?

A
  • a torn ulnar collateral ligament due to abduction and/or hyperextension of the thumb
17
Q

What is Jersey finger?

A
  • an FDP avulsion of the ring finger (ring finger is most commonly involved in FDP avulsions)
18
Q

What is the major complication of hand and finger lacerations?

A
  • infections!
  • these are often associated with punching someone’s mouth and getting cut at the MCPJ by the teeth; these nearly ALWAYS go bad