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Chemistry > Conditions, Reactions And Mechanisms > Flashcards

Conditions, Reactions And Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

Alkanes to cyclo/branched/aromatic

A

Reforming
Al2O3 coated Pt
No mechanism

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2
Q

Alkane to haloalkane

A

Free radical substitution
Halogen
UV
Equation mechanism

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3
Q

Haloalkane to nitrile

A

Nucleophilic substitution
KCN
Hot ethanol
Reflux
Mechanism

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4
Q

Nitrile to amine

A

Reduction
LiAlH4, dry ether
H2, Ni/Pt, high temp/press
No mechanism

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5
Q

Haloalkane to amine

A

Nucleophilic substitution
Excess, ethanolic NH3
Heat, slight pressure
Mechanism

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6
Q

Amine to N.sub amines

A

Nucleophilic substitution
Excess amine
Keeps acting as a nucleophile
Mechanism

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7
Q

Nitrile to carboxylic acid

A

Hydrolysis
Dil HCl, reflux
Dil NaOH, Dil HCl, reflux
No mechanism

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8
Q

Carboxylic acid to salts

A

Neutralisation
Metal/carbonate/alkali/base
No mechanism

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9
Q

Alkene to alkane

A

Electrophilic addition/hydrogenation
H2
150*C
Ni
Mechanism

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10
Q

Alkane to alkene

A

Cracking
Thermal, 1000C, 70atm
Catalytic, zeolite, 450C
No mechanism

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11
Q

Alkene to haloalkane

A

Electrophilic addition
HCl/Br/I
Mechanism

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12
Q

Haloalkane to alkene

A

Elimination
Hot Na/KOH (base)
Ethanol
Reflux
Mechanism

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13
Q

Haloalkane to alcohol

A

Nucleophilic substitution
Warm Na/KOH
Aqueous
Reflux
Mechanism

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14
Q

Alcohol to haloalkane

A

Nucleophilic substitution/Halogenation
P/S, PCl5
T, conc HCl
KBr, warm dilute H2SO4
Red P, reflux
Mechanism

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15
Q

Haloalkane to grignard

A

Mg
Dry ether
No mechanism

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16
Q

Grignard to carboxylic acid

A

Nucleophilic addition
CO2
Dilute HCl
Dry ether
No mechanism

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17
Q

Grignard to alcohol

A

Nucleophilic addition
Methanal, P
Aldehyde, S
Ketone, T
Dry ether
Dilute HCl
No mechanism

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18
Q

Alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

Oxidation
K2Cr2O7
Dilute H2SO4
Reflux
No mechanism

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19
Q

Alcohol to ketone

A

Oxidation
K2Cr2O7
Dilute H2SO4
Reflux
No mechanism

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20
Q

Alcohol to aldehyde

A

Oxidation
K2Cr2O7
Dilute H2SO4
Distillation
No mechanism

21
Q

Aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A

Oxidation
K2Cr2O7
Dilute H2SO4
Reflux
No mechanism

22
Q

Carboxylic acid to alcohol

A

Reduction
LiALH4
Dry ether
No mechanism

23
Q

Aldehyde to alcohol

A

Reduction
LiALH4
Dry ether
No mechanism

24
Q

Ketone to alcohol

A

Reduction
LiALH4
Dry ether
No mechanism

25
Q

Aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

A

Nucleophilic addition
K/HCN
Reflux
Mechanism

26
Q

Ketone to hydroxynitrile

A

Nucleophilic addition
K/HCN
Reflux
Mechanism

27
Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

Electrophilic addition/hydration
Steam
300*C
60-70atm
Conc H3PO4
Mechanism

28
Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

Elimination/dehydration
170*C
Conc H3PO4
Mechanism

29
Q

Alkene to dihaloalkane

A

Electrophilic addition
Halogen
Mechanism

30
Q

Alkene to diol

A

Oxidation
Dilute H2SO4
KMnO4
Purple —> colourless
Shake
No mechanism

31
Q

Alcohol to ester

A

Esterification/condensation
Carboxylic acid, conc H2SO4, reflux
Acyl chloride
No mechanism

32
Q

Ester to alcohol

A

Hydrolysis
H2SO4, H2O reflux, reversible
NaOH, dilute HCl, reflux, irreversible
No mechanism

33
Q

Carboxylic acid to ester

A

Esterification/condensation
Alcohol
Conc H2SO4
Reflux
No mechanism

34
Q

Ester to carboxylic acid

A

Hydrolysis
Water
H2SO4, reflux, reversible
NaOH, dilute HCl, reflux, irreversible
No mechanism

35
Q

Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

A

Halogenation
PCl5
No mechanism

36
Q

Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

A

Acylation/nucleophilic addition/elimination
Water
Makes HCl misty fumes
Mechanism

37
Q

Acyl chloride to ester

A

Acylation/nucleophilic/addition/elimination
Alcohol
Faster, higher yield, no heat /catalyst needed
Makes toxic HCl
Mechanism

38
Q

Acyl chloride to amide

A

Acylation/nucleophilic addition/elimination
NH3
Mechanism

39
Q

Acyl chloride to N sub amine

A

Acylation/nucleophilic addition/elimination
Amine
Mechanism

40
Q

Benzene to cyclohexane

A

Hydrogenation
Ni
H2
200°C
No mechanism

41
Q

Benzene to phenyl ketone

A

Electrophilic substitution
Acyl chloride
AlCl3
Reflux
RCHO+
Mechanism

42
Q

Benzene to alkyl benzene

A

Electrophilic substitution
Haloalkane
AlCl3
Reflux
Mechanism

43
Q

Benzene to bromobenzene

A

Electrophilic substitution
Br2
FeBr3/AlBr3
Reflux
Br^+
Mechanism

44
Q

Benzene to nitrobenzene

A

Electrophilic substitution
Conc HNO3
Conc H2SO4
Heat at 50°C
>55°C = further substitutions
NO2+
Mechanism

45
Q

Nitrobenzene to Phenylamine

A

Reduction
Conc HCl
Tin
Reflux
Add NaOH
Mechanism

46
Q

Phenol to 2, 4, 6 tri bromo phenol

A

Electrophilic substitution
Br2 (aq)
No catalyst
No mechanism

47
Q

Phenyl ketone to …

A

Secondary alcohol (reduction)
Hydroxy nitrile (nucleophilic addition)

48
Q

Phenylamine to …

A

N-sub amide (Acylation)
Secondary/tertiary amine (nucleophilic substitution)

Chemistry (24 decks)

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